Commented Submission Guide [out of date]* Oct. 2014

*The new version is here:
Commented Sumission Guide 2.o
¯\_(ツ)_/¯

>>> [Onwards to page 2] >>> | >>> [Onwards to page 3] >>>

Contributing to Discogs
Release Submission Guide
Quick Start Guide
Help Forum
Conduct Whilst Using The Database
Social Contract

1. General Rules
2. Artist
3. Title 📌 [Release Title]
4. Label / Catalog
5. Barcode And Other Identifiers
6. Format (also see the Formats List)
7. Country
8. Release Date
9. Genres / Styles
10. Credits (also see the Credits List)
11. Release Notes
12. Tracklisting
13. Images
14. Updating A Release
15. Remove Release
16. Master Release
17. Merge Release
18. Updating An Artist Profile
19. Updating A Label Profile
20. Voting Guidelines
21. Contributor Improvement Program (CIP)
22. FAQ For Artists And Labels

Finding The Information On A Release
Formats List
Credits List
Reviews & Discussion
Database Glossary

Remarks Order
📌 [Discogs] "Feature"
📌 [Discussion] "Topic Title" (Date = Permalink)
📌 [Image] "Image Title"
📌 [List] "List Title"
📌 [Note] "Side Note"
📌 [Related RSG §] "Cite"
📌 [Release] "Feature"
📌 [Staff] "Cite" (Date = Permalink)
📌 [Website] "Website Title"
📌 [Wikipedia] "Wikipedia Title"

📌 [Discussion] Guideline Update 2009 - Completed. (2010)
📌 [Discussion] Guideline Changelog (2010)
📌 [Discussion] Guideline Changelog (2013)

Database Guidelines 1. General Rules

◾ 1.1. Valid Information
◾ 1.2. Capitalization & Grammar
◾ 1.3. Required Fields For A New Submission
◾ 1.4. Unique Releases
◾ 1.5. Splitting items already in the database into unique releases
◾ 1.6. Submission Notes
◾ 1.7. Errors, Missing, And Conflicting Information
◾ 1.8. Languages
◾ 1.9. Formatting, Unicode, and HTML Code
◾ 1.10. Conduct Whilst Using The Database
◾ 1.11. Guideline Updates

📌 [Discussion] Important And Helpful Threads, Links, And FAQ For Submitting (February 2009)
📌 [Discussion] Website resources - List them here (April 2014)

Valid Information

RSG §1.1.1.
You must have the exact release in your possession when you make a release submission. Basing your submission only on information from websites, images, or anywhere else is forbidden, as is entering information for planned releases that haven't been manufactured. Items can be submitted before the release date, but you must always have the physical copy in your possession when submitting.

📌 [Note] You must not have the release in your possession when you want to edit an already existing release submission.
📌 [Note] If you want to submit a digital release you must have the digital release "in front of you" (for example by ing it).

RSG §1.1.2.
Sources of information external to the release itself may be added, but the physical 📌 [or digital] release must always be the main source. External sources of the information (for example websites, word of mouth, books etc) must be declared in the submission notes, explained in the release notes, and be verifiable as far as possible. Unsubstantiated information may be removed or rejected. External information should only be entered where it adds to the release information (for example, track names where none are given on the release). This is to ensure that only verified real releases are entered, and the data is as close as possible in relation to the physical 📌 [or digital] release. Please see the credit section for how to enter credits that are sourced externally.

📌 [RSG §11.1.1.]
Release notes is a free text field. It is used to add any factual, objective notes about the release, or to list information that cannot be entered into other dedicated fields.

📌 [RSG §14.1.3.]
Even if it seems obvious, always try to explain your update fully using the submission notes. This will always be appreciated by other s, and is vital when we need to look back over the submission data's history.

📌 [Staff] Generally we are not into entering 'guessed' information [...] (January 2014)

RSG §1.1.3.
Any item on an audio format (as given on the formats list page) is potentially eligible for inclusion to the Discogs database. Discogs only catalogs items that have been released to the general public, either as commercially sold items, or as free give-aways.
Items that are duplicated on recordable or readily reproducible media (for example CDr, MP3, or Cassette) will be held under closer scrutiny than items that are replicated on non-recordable media (for example vinyl records and 'pressed' CD's). Please include as much information as possible with the submission to establish the validity of borderline cases.

📌 [Discussion] Metal Mother master discs added to the database? (October 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Piano roll (April 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Would computer programs on cassette be eligible for the database? (June 2014)
📌 [Release] ineligible metal mother stamper (removed)

RSG §1.1.3.a.
Video: Only video items that have audio as the main focus are allowed, where "audio" is either one or more complete studio recordings, one or more complete live performances. If the item still makes sense with the picture turned off, it will probably be acceptable.
Please ask in the Database Forum if you are unsure whether to submit a video or not, especially for borderline cases.

📌 [Discussion] A discussion of video with audio as the main focus (April 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Should stand-alone iTunes music videos be added to the database? (March 2014)

RSG §1.1.3.b.
MP3, ogg-vorbis, and other file based formats: Discogs only catalogs items that have been released to the general public, either as commercially sold items, or as free give-aways. Only entire releases may be submitted, not individual tracks from (for example) an album.
Due to the relatively recent emergence of digital labels, and the variety of those labels, digital releases may be held under closer scrutiny for inclusion to the database than items that are replicated on physical media (for example vinyl records and 'pressed' CD's). Please follow other s advice, and ask in the Database forum if you are not sure.
The guidelines for digital releases may be subject to further change and review.

📌 [RSG §6.5.1.]
Computer file based formats follow the same basic rules as for physical media. File-based releases are scrutinized similarly to CDrs and Cassettes, due to the ease of creation, duplication and distribution.
To provide verification of stand-alone file based releases, please provide (in the submission notes) a URL to the purchase or location, or some description of how you obtained the files. In other words, how can someone else get this release?

📌 [RSG §6.5.4.]
Bootleg, counterfeit, or pirated files are not eligible for submission to Discogs.

📌 [RSG §6.15.3.]
The following are approximate definitions only:

Bootleg: Unauthorized recordings of live performances/broadcasts.
Counterfeit: Recordings which are copied or distributed without authority, and which are packaged to resemble the original as closely as possible.
Pirate: Recordings which are copied or distributed without authority, and which are usually packaged differently to the original.

📌 [Discussion] Cover of a digital release changed - new submission? (May 2014)
📌 [Discussion] bootleg mp3 from a blog, allowed in database? (September 2009)
📌 [Discussion] bootleg remixes on Soundcloud (November 2013)
📌 [Discussion] unofficial re-edits you can from the remixer website (September 2009)
📌 [Discussion] File-Releases: Only entire releases may be submitted (November 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Guide for Country Field when it's about digital releases (March 2012)
📌 [Discussion] File releases = no country, or what country the label is based in? (March 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Should stand-alone iTunes music videos be added to the database? (March 2014)

RSG §1.1.3.c.
Audio formats that don't contain audio (for example blank picture discs) are eligible for inclusion as long as they have a label / catalog number.

📌 [Discussion] no music on a release, unplayable record - valid entry? (February 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Formats: Grinding Wheel, Sand Paper, Anti-records, remove? (August 2011)
📌 [Discussion] speaking of a sandpaper release, what about a 1" record? (March 2010)
📌 [Discussion] Would computer programs on cassette be eligible for the database? (June 2014)

RSG §1.1.4.
List any items that were initially sold as a package (by the record company) as one release, no matter what the packaging. Packaged items that are also released individually are treated as separate releases. Items where we are uncertain if they were sold as a package can be entered as separate items. Items that are obtained after the sale via a coupon or other method should be entered as individual releases.

Capitalization & Grammar

RSG §1.2.1.
The standard Discogs rule for artist and label names, ers, release and track titles, format free text field, index track titles, credits, and headings, is the First Letter Of Each Word Is Capitalized.
Track Positions can usually be represented exactly as on the release. All other text (notes, comments etc) should follow standard English capitalization rules.

RSG §1.2.2.
Exceptions;

RSG §1.2.2.a.
Artist names which have consistently unique letter-casing will be accepted with proof that the artist uses that spelling consistently and intentionally. This also applies to artist name particles (e.g. van, von, di, de, la, etc.), which can be in lower case if the artist spells it that way consistently.

RSG §1.2.2.b.
Acronyms, and initialisms should follow what is written on the release, including any punctuation if used.

RSG §1.2.2.c.
Abbreviations, contractions and hyphenations should start with a capital letter. The rest of the words capitalization should follow as on the release, except where all caps have been used, which should be turned to lower case.

RSG §1.2.2.d.
Intentional capitalization of abstract release or track titles can be entered as on the release. An abstract title is defined as a word or series of characters that doesn't have a meaning in any language.

RSG §1.2.2.e.
Roman numerals should be entered using standard uppercase letters I, V, X, L, C, D, M

📌 [Release] Roman numerals in BAOI

RSG §1.2.3.
When using a slash between two words, please use a space on either side of it, for example: ABC Song / XYZ Song.

📌 [Discussion] Do Discogs capitalization rules apply for ers? vs or Vs? ft or Ft? (April 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Scope of application for general rule 1.2.3. "Usage of slashes" (June 2014)
📌 [Note] Does RSG §1.2.3 also apply if it is not *as on release*?

Required Fields For A New Submission

RSG §1.3.1.
Releases cannot be submitted to the database unless they contain a certain minimum of information:

RSG §1.3.1.a.
Required:

◾ Main Artist
◾ Title
◾ Label / Catalog Number - These fields always required. If there is no label, use "Not On Label", if there is no catalog number, use "none," as seen here.
◾ Format - Full physical format descriptions are always required, for example Vinyl, 12". For file based release, file type is required, and the bitrate must be entered (if available) for MP3, WMA, ogg-vorbis, and AAC (in the free text field). 📌 [Wikipedia] Bit rate
◾ Genres
◾ Style is only required when using the Electronic genre
◾ Tracklisting - The complete tracklisting must be entered.
◾ Track Artist for each track on split releases and on releases where the artist(s) for the tracks are credited to other than the Main Artist.
◾ Remix credits and other credits that are mentioned in the track title or that are otherwise obvious must be entered as extra artist credits. For example, "Some Track (SomeArtist Remix)" must be entered as if "Remix by SomeArtist" were printed on the release.
◾ Credits are required for the main artist when they have one of the following roles: DJ Mix, Compiled By, or Presenter.
◾ If any further information is needed to distinguish a Unique Release, that information is required to be entered as well. See the guidelines for submitting Unique Releases for more info.

📌 [Discussion] Classical Composer Guideline Suggestion (August 2014)

RSG §1.3.1.b.
Optional:

◾ Country
◾ Released (The release date)
◾ Additional credits
◾ Release Notes
◾ Images
◾ Style (apart from in the Electronic genre)

RSG §1.3.2.
Generally, the more information you can enter for a release, the better. Once you are comfortable with how to enter the basic required information, try to enter as much information as possible. For example, crediting everyone involved with the release, listing all other relevant information stated on the release cover / booklet / label, etc.

RSG §1.3.3.
Please explain in the Submission Notes field if your submission lacks required information, or some aspect of the release might bring up questions for someone who doesn't know the release.

📌 [RSG §14.1.3.]
Even if it seems obvious, always try to explain your update fully using the submission notes. This will always be appreciated by other s, and is vital when we need to look back over the submission data's history.

★☆★☆ 2.o ★☆★☆
Unique Releases

RSG §1.4.1.
Discogs allows the entering of all versions of a release, such as white labels, reissues, different artwork, format variations, colored vinyl, different manufacturers etc. In order for these to be accepted, you must provide enough information to distinguish the different versions of a release.
It may be important to provide as much information as possible for major label releases, such as barcodes, matrix numbers, publishing/copyright dates, and any other identifiable marks. Note that different matrix numbers or barcodes may not necessarily mean that a separate release should be entered, please ask in the forum if in doubt.

📌 [Discussion] Is a version "unique" just because a poster is added? (April 2014)
📌 [Staff] I feel that unless there's providable proof that a release was marketed specifically with and without a poster, it should not be added as a unique release. (April 2014)

RSG §1.4.2.
If the difference is subtle, you must explain the difference in the release notes, or with images, or by any other effective means, in order that future s can tell their versions apart by referring to the entry in Discogs. For example; reissues that cannot be told apart from the original issue cannot be entered as a unique release - unique releases must have a means of identifying them as such!

📌 [RSG §11.1.1.]
Release notes is a free text field. It is used to add any factual, objective notes about the release, or to list information that cannot be entered into other dedicated fields.

RSG §1.4.3.
Items such as cut outs (where a normal release has a section of the sleeve cut, denoting a price cut item), items that have otherwise been marked or altered after release, differences in releases with hand-made artwork that are part of the same edition, and individually numbered items on otherwise identical copies will not be allowed as unique releases.

RSG §1.4.4.
Manufacturing variations should not be counted as a unique release. For example; different stampers / matrix numbers for the same edition, manufacturing tolerance based variations in the shades of label paper or ink color etc, would not constitute a unique release.

📌 [Discussion] SID Code version unique or not? (February 2014)

Splitting items already in the database into unique releases

RSG §1.5.1.
If a release is currently for a retail release and also a white label / promo, the existing release should be kept for the retail version, and the white label / promo should be made as a new submission.

RSG §1.5.2.
If a release contains multiple versions (for example, different colored vinyl versions, reissues, or different country or region versions), the most common version should remain as the existing release, and the less common versions should be split off into new releases.

RSG §1.5.3.
You MUST have the version you're creating in your possession whilst splitting. Do not use the existing release notes as proof of the different versions. If there are multiple different versions of a release, and you only have one of them, only submit the one you have.

📌 [RSG §1.1.1.]
You must have the exact release in your possession when you make a release submission.
Basing your submission only on information from websites, images, or anywhere else is forbidden, as is entering information for planned releases that haven't been manufactured. Items can be submitted before the release date, but you must always have the physical copy in your possession when submitting.

RSG §1.5.4.
The existing release should be updated after a new version is accepted to the database to make it clear it does not represent the newly added version. For example, if there is a note stating the record is also available as a pink vinyl promo and the pink vinyl promo is now a separate release, the notes need to be removed from the original submission.

RSG §1.5.5.
Do not keep credits that are not present on the version of the release you are submitting.

📌 [RSG §10.7.3.]
The 'copy to draft' function duplicates the release information including the credits, so a different version of the release can be entered. Please ensure that the credits you copy across this way are correct and valid. All credits that are not written on that version of the release should be removed.

RSG §1.5.6.
Be careful with the format and track numbering. If copying a CD for a vinyl version, make sure the tracks are numbered in such a way that represent which tracks are on each side, and make sure any track-specific credits in the release-wide credit section are updated accordingly. Also watch for track order changes when changing formats.

RSG §1.5.7.
Be careful with the release date, as promotional releases are almost always available before the retail versions, and should not keep the original release date. If no release date information is present on a release variation, or you cannot find reliable information elsewhere, you could assume that the year would be the same. If the retail version came out at the beginning of a calendar year, you could assume the promo came out the year prior. But if you are uncertain, do not include a release date.

Submission Notes

RSG §1.6.
This section must be used to describe your submission or update.
For example, on new submissions, you could disclose the source of the information, say you have checked all the links, and describe or explain anything out of the ordinary etc.
For edits, please provide a brief description of the edit, and note the source of the information.
Please describe anything that may be potentially confusing about your submission (such as new artists or labels to the database, typos on the release, etc).
You may also use this section to respond to comments from other s when resubmitting a rejected release, or to clarify information.
Good submission notes help greatly in both ing the information was added or updated correctly, and for the future when reviewing the release 📌 [or artist / label] history.

📌 [RSG §14.1.3.]
Even if it seems obvious, always try to explain your update fully using the submission notes. This will always be appreciated by other s, and is vital when we need to look back over the submission data's history.

Errors, Missing, and Conflicting Information

RSG §1.7.1.
The general principle of entering information into Discogs is to reflect what is written on the release as much as possible. When the information printed on the release does not match the audio on the release, we enter the actual audio content, and outline the error in the release notes.
It is important at all times to communicate the errors and nature of the correction with other s, using the release notes and the submission notes. Any doubts should be discussed in the Database forum. If the doubt remains, the release should not be updated, but the doubt can be noted in the release notes.

RSG §1.7.2.
Artist names, if the credited artist is totally incorrect, should be changed to the correct artist, and the correction explained in the release notes. Spelling and other errors in artist names must not be corrected, but instead be entered using the Artist Name Variation (ANV) function. Any suspected artist name spelling error can be explained in the release notes, but this isn't mandatory.

RSG §1.7.3.
Track titles and release titles must be entered as they appear on the release (please note specific instructions at the release title and track title guidelines), except where there is a proven error that deviates from the intent of the artist. Reasonable proof must be provided for the error correction to be accepted (for example, that you hold the release, and have checked the audio content).
We require that the mislabeled track is 100% verifiable as an unaltered copy of the original track in order to allow a name correction. If the track was an altered or alternate version in any way, the altered / different name should apply unless it can be proven otherwise. Any title error that is corrected should be mentioned in the notes.

RSG §1.7.4.
Incorrect tracklists should be changed to reflect what is really on the release, the errors that have been corrected must be entered into the notes.

RSG §1.7.5.
For conflicting information printed on different parts of the release, the most complete and correct version should be chosen. If it is not apparent which is the most complete and correct, the boldest version should be chosen (for example, the artist name on the cover of the release, the tracklist on the rear of the release etc). Again, any differences must be explained in the release notes. Please see the title guidelines for specifics of how to choose the right title.

RSG §1.7.6.
Missing or damaged parts - A submission can be made when the submitter possess a release with missing or damaged parts (for example, a missing sleeve, a missing disc, or a torn label). The submitter must have enough of the release in their possession to reasonably guarantee the basis of the submission is correct. There must be clear release notes and submission notes left stating the missing parts that were not available at the time of submission.
External information can be used to fill in missing information in this case (for example, tracklists), but the submitter must state what information has been externally sourced, and cite the source. The information must be reasonably seen to be accurate; if there is doubt or disagreement, please ask in the Forum.

📌 [RSG §11.1.1.]
Release notes is a free text field. It is used to add any factual, objective notes about the release, or to list information that cannot be entered into other dedicated fields.

📌 [RSG §14.1.3.]
Even if it seems obvious, always try to explain your update fully using the submission notes. This will always be appreciated by other s, and is vital when we need to look back over the submission data's history.

Languages

RSG §1.8.1.
The default language of Discogs is English. However, Discogs s Unicode and allows releases in any language and character set. Releases must be submitted in the language used on them, they should not be translated or transliterated.

RSG §1.8.2.
Some releases may have entire sections of text duplicated in multiple languages - for example the tracklistings on some classical releases. For these cases, please use the following rules to decide which language to enter:

RSG §1.8.2.a.
Use the primary language on the release (probably the same language that is used in the small print). If there is no clear primary language then…

RSG §1.8.2.b.
Use the English version. If there is no English version then…

RSG §1.8.2.c.
Use the language version that the releasing labels country uses.

Formatting, Unicode, and HTML Code

RSG §1.9.1.
All text should be entered using Unicode where applicable.

RSG §1.9.1.a.
In the notes field, links to Discogs artists, Labels, Releases, and Master Releases should be entered using the Discogs Text Formatting.

RSG §1.9.1.b.
Text formatting using HTML or Discogs Text Formatting should not be used in any other parts of the release data.

RSG §1.9.2.
A few releases are entered using HTML in the tracklisting, this is now deprecated and should be updated. Please ask in the help forums before updating.

RSG §1.9.3.
Transcribing graphic design decisions, such as reverse letters, additional punctuation, letter substitution etc, should be avoided. An exception is the "Metal umlaut", which (due to its widespread use) is acceptable (for example, Motörhead).

RSG §1.9.4.
Use the Unicode strikethrough for catalog numbers and any other applicable area. There is an external site that helps you create this.

📌 [Discogs] Text Formatting
📌 [Discussion] Text formatting in the Notes section of Master Releases (April 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Removing HTML from all release data (January 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Which kind of text formatting can be used in Release Notes? (December 2013)

Conduct Whilst Using The Database

RSG §1.10.1.
Please be helpful and polite to other people. Do your best to submit according to the guidelines. Take care when altering the data, explain your edits when needed, respect the database, be open to discussion, and ask in the forums regarding any difficult areas if necessary.

📌 [RSG §14.1.3.]
Even if it seems obvious, always try to explain your update fully using the submission notes. This will always be appreciated by other s, and is vital when we need to look back over the submission data's history.

📌 [Discogs] Group: Database Mentors and Protégés

RSG §1.10.2.
Never submit false releases and updates, releases from memory, releases from internet sites etc. Do not curse, lose your temper, call names, or otherwise cause the submission process to be unpleasant or frustrating for others. You should never continue submitting a release or update that you have been advised is incorrect, or flood the site with incorrect or malicious submissions, updates, comments, spam etc., or otherwise attempt to corrupt the data, or cause obstruction to the submission and review processes. Discogs reserves the right to take whatever action necessary to protect the database and the general Discogs community from such behavior.

RSG §1.10.3.
Please don't do updates just to change the order of data (such as in the format or credit fields). Only do updates to correct or add information.

Guideline Updates

RSG §1.11.
The list of changes made to the guidelines is available in he Guideline Changelog, at http://discogs.versitio.com/help/forums/topic/356624

📌 [Discussion] Guideline Update 2009 - Completed. (2010)
📌 [Discussion] Guideline Changelog (2010)
📌 [Discussion] Guideline Changelog (2013)

Database Guidelines 2. Artist

◾ 2.1. Adding Artists
◾ 2.2. Artist Fields 📌 [Main Artist]
◾ 2.3. Special Artists
◾ 2.4. Artist Naming Conventions
◾ 2.5. Artist Name Variation (ANV)
◾ 2.6. The Field and Artist Collaboration
◾ 2.7. Main Artist Credits
◾ 2.8. Eponymous Artists
◾ 2.9. Crediting Unnamed Groups
◾ 2.10. Crediting Non-Specific Groups
◾ 2.11. Solo Artist Plus A Generic Band Of Musicians
◾ 2.12. Choosing The Primary Artist Name
◾ 2.13. Compound Artist Names
◾ 2.14. Merging Artists
◾ 2.15. Renaming Artists
◾ 2.16. Artist Page Sorting

📌 18. Updating An Artist Profile

📌 18.0. [Invalid Artist]
📌 18.1. Real Name
📌 18.2. Profile
📌 18.3. URLs
📌 18.4. Aliases
📌 18.5. In Groups
📌 18.5.2. [Submission Notes]
📌 18.6. Reviews
📌 18.7. Images

📌 [Discogs] FAQ for Artists And Labels

Adding Artists

RSG §2.1.1.
Entering an artist name that is not in Discogs will create a new artist page. It is important that we try to keep artist names as organized as possible, so please use the search function for all of the artist names you enter on your submission. As soon as the 'submit' button is pressed, the artist will have a page created listing the release.
It helps to fill out the artists profile with the basic details of the artist straight away (for example; "Saxophone player from New York.")

RSG §2.1.2.
Names are entered as they appear on the release. Use the field to link multiple artists as they are linked on the release, with a comma between them if there is no er on the release itself. Use the ANV function for name variations. Abbreviations follow the usual rules.

📌 [RSG §1.2.1.]
The standard Discogs rule for artist [...] names, ers [...] is the First Letter Of Each Word Is Capitalized. [...]

📌 [RSG §1.2.2.a.]
Artist names which have consistently unique letter-casing will be accepted with proof that the artist uses that spelling consistently and intentionally. This also applies to artist name particles (e.g. van, von, di, de, la, etc.), which can be in lower case if the artist spells it that way consistently.

📌 [Discussion] Animals in the database (September 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Do Discogs capitalization rules apply for ers? vs or Vs? ft or Ft? (April 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Please update Guideline 2.1.2 Artist names (June 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Since when was it acceptable to enter a drum machine as an artist? (August 2014)

Artist Fields 📌 [Main Artist]

RSG §2.2.1.
The artist field at the top of the submission form is where we put the main artist for the release. This is considered to be the artist or artists named on the front cover of the release, or otherwise billed as such.

📌 [Image] Main artist field

📌 [Discussion] Classical Releases - Composers shown as artists (August 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Composer as main artist (May 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Artist X presents Artist Y - Album Z (June 2013)
📌 [Discussion] adding the name of the compiler as a main artist. (February 2014)

RSG §2.2.2.
More than one main artist can be entered by adding another artist field. This is done by clicking the large button (the large x button removes the field). When you add another artist field this way, you will see that another field is added beside the existing artist field, this is called the field, and is for adding words or symbols that the two artists together, for example 'And', 'Featuring', '/', ',' etc. Please don't leave the field empty, if there is no used on the release, just enter a comma.

📌 [Image] Main artist field-

The small plus sign is for the Artist Name Variation function, which is explained further down this page.

📌 [RSG §1.2.1.]
The standard Discogs rule for artist [...] names, ers [...] is the First Letter Of Each Word Is Capitalized. [...]

📌 [Discussion] Do Discogs capitalization rules apply for ers? vs or Vs? ft or Ft? (April 2014)

Special Artists

RSG §2.3.1.
The following artist names are used as generic pages when the credit isn't for a specific artist:

◾ Various can be used when there are several different artists on a release, and no one is billed as the main artist.
◾ Unknown Artist is to be used for music releases which are not credited to an artist.
◾ No Artist should be used as an artist on releases where there is no musical artist performing, such as radio / TV ments, movie samples, blank tracks, sound effects, and so on.
◾ Traditional - Used for traditional songs that are credited as such on the release. Only to be used for composition type credits.
◾ Folk - Used for folk songs that are credited as such on the release. Only to be used for composition type credits.
◾ Anonymous - Used for artists who are credited as 'anonymous' on the release.

📌 [RSG §2.5.11.]
You can use ANVs on Special Artists (Various, Traditional, Anonymous etc) as long as the ANV is a variation or translation of it, and the ANV is printed on the release.

📌 [Discussion] Are ANV's for Unknown Artist no longer allowed? (January 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Traditional as an artist credit? (October 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Traditional As Track Artist (July 2014)

Artist Naming Conventions

RSG §2.4.1.
Different Artists with the same name (for example, two artists named "John B") should be entered as "John B" and "John B (2)". The (2) is not part of the name but is used to distinguish the two artists. If you need to create a third, use (3) and so on.
Never swap about the suffixes, once an artist is designated a numerical suffix, the artist must remain with that suffix. The suffix has no relation to popularity or historical order.

📌 [Discussion] Guideline request: Separating an artist (May 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Adding (#) to a new artist when credit is unlinked (January 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Unlinked credit role - Artist (2) (May 2013)

RSG §2.4.2.
For artist names beginning with 'The', The Artist should be entered as "Artist, The".
For example: "RZA, The". This rule only applies to the English definite article. "The" should always go at the end of the name, even with a compound artist name (that is, a single name made up of two or more names such as The Bird And The Bee).
Artist names with 'The' in the middle of the name should not have the 'The' moved, for example Ian Dury And The Blockheads.
For different Artists with the same name, the number always goes at the end - for example, "Artist Name, The (2)".

📌 [Discogs] FAQ for Artists And Labels

★☆★☆ 2.o ★☆★☆
Artist Name Variation (ANV)

RSG §2.5.1.
In order to link variations of an artists name, but keep the same artist profile, Discogs uses a system called Artist Name Variation, or ANV. The ANV is set directly on the submission form, click the small plus sign beside the artist field to open the ANV field. Please see the Quick Start ANV guide for an example of how ANVs are created. At Discogs we call the main artist name (the root name without an ANV) the 'Primary Artist Name', or PAN. For example, discogs.versitio.com/artist/David+Bowie is the PAN for David Bowie.

RSG §2.5.2.
ANVs should be used for variations in an artist name such as changes to nicknames, language based differences (translations), abbreviations, different initials etc. The existing Artist Name MUST be entered as it currently appears in the database as well, with any variation on the release added as the ANV (the ANV cannot exist on its own).

RSG §2.5.3.
ANVs should not be used if the artist uses the name to differentiate their work, in this case an Alias is more appropriate.

RSG §2.5.4.
ANVs should not be used for any fundamental name changes, such as surname changes. In these cases, an Alias is more appropriate. If in doubt, do not create an ANV.

RSG §2.5.5.
Do not use the ANV field on unlinked credits.

RSG §2.5.6.
The Primary Artist Name should be the most relevant version of the Artists Name. For example, when the artist has a "recording name" it should be the Primary name, and the variations found in the releases fine print should be the ANV.

📌 [Staff] I am ok with full name PANs being added when factual and citable, even if there isn't a release (yet) in the database using that name. This is especially so with "J. Smith" type names, where we know it is "John Smith" or whatever. (February 2014)

RSG §2.5.7.
Normal capitalization rules apply. ANV's should NOT be created for variations in capitalization.

RSG §2.5.8.
If there is a case whereby there are two Artist Name Variations present on a release for the same credit (for example there is D. Bowie on the cover for a vocal credit, and D. H. Bowie on the label for the vocal credit), only one can be entered.
The submitter should choose one based on such things as viability of the names, clarity and fullness of the data, and existing names already used in the database.

📌 [RSG §2.13.1.]
When an artist is presented as "Name1 (Name2)" or "Name 1 AKA Name 2", the name before the brackets or 'aka' is considered the focal credit and should be credited - do not use an ANV for these situations.

If the name in brackets, or after 'aka', is an alias then it can optionally be credited on a separate line. If the name in brackets is not a direct alias of the artist, it cannot be added as a credit, but can be mentioned in the notes.

RSG §2.5.9.
Typography and punctuation - ANV's can be entered to reflect what is on the release. Variations in punctuation, spelling, spacing, etc., are allowed, providing they exist on the release. Variations in accents are allowed. However, using Cyrillic and other such Unicode fonts to reflect graphic design decisions such as reverse letters should not be done.

RSG §2.5.10.
If the ANV artist has 'The' in the title, then it should be listed with 'The' after the name, the same way it is done for main artists, for example Artist, The.

RSG §2.5.11.
You can use ANVs on Special Artists (Various, Traditional, Anonymous etc) as long as the ANV is a variation or translation of it, and the ANV is printed on the release.
ANV F.A.Q.

📌 [Discussion] Are ANV's for Unknown Artist no longer allowed? (January 2014)

Q - Is John Smith an ANV of John Smith (3) - i.e. do we add in an ANV just so that the release page displays without the suffixed number applied to differentiate artists with the same names in Discogs?

A – No, please don't use the ANV function for this.

Q - If John Smith and John Smith (2) both use the ANV John Smith Jr., must a suffix be applied to one of the ANVs to show John Smith Jr. (2)?

A - No, this is not necessary as the 2 instances of John Smith Jr. create 2 different URLs based on the main Discogs artist entries. Searches and artist indexes will be adapted to show the main artist that an ANV is connected to.

Q - Does ANV replace Aliases?

A - No, aliases remain as a way of identifying totally different names used by an artist.

Q - Should an ANV be used for a one-off alias that is not a variation upon an existing artist name?

A - No, an Alias is appropriate here.

Q - Are ANV's to be used for misspellings, punctuation, typos etc?

A - ANV's can be entered to reflect what is on the release. Variations in punctuation, spelling etc are allowed, providing they exist on the release. Variations in accents are allowed. However, using Cyrillic and other such Unicode fonts to reflect graphic design decisions such as reverse letters should not be done.

Q - What else needs to be done when ANV is being used?

A - As with all submissions, s should provide full submission notes justifying why they have added the information in a certain way. Voters will seek confirmation of the validity of an ANV via these comments, so please provide this information up front to ensure your submissions are processed as quickly as possible.

Q - Should 'The' come first on ANV?

A - No, any artist name preceded with 'The' should be switched round the same as we do for main artist names, Artist, The.

The Field and Artist Collaboration

RSG §2.6.1.
The field is used for the words that link two or more artist names together, such as 'Vs.', 'Meets', 'And', '&', 'W/', and 'With' . Abbreviations are accepted if they appear that way on the release. The field can also be used to enter separators (such as commas or slashes), if they appear on the release. Please don't leave the field empty. If there is no used on the release, use a comma, or for 'split' type releases where the artists aren't collaborating, use a forward slash "/".

📌 [RSG §1.2.1.]
The standard Discogs rule for artist [...] names, ers [...] is the First Letter Of Each Word Is Capitalized. [...]

📌 [Discussion] Do Discogs capitalization rules apply for ers? vs or Vs? ft or Ft? (April 2014)

RSG §2.6.2.
Collaborative artists should be split into their individual names except when the combined name was intended and can be verified as the group name (for example Stock, Aitken & Waterman). Verification can be found, for example, in official external websites, biographies, and discographies.

RSG §2.6.3.
Artist collaborations which are one-off recordings should be listed as separate artists. If this one-off collaboration becomes an ongoing recording team then they can be updated to one artist entry later.

📌 [Discussion] is it allowed to create new collaborative artists? (October 2014)

RSG §2.6.4.
Never create or credit a collaborative artist in any credit field, with the exception that some collaborative artists have already been created and used solely on writing or production credits. Please continue to use them, please do not attempt to split these unless there has been extensive agreement from other s in the forums.
In the case of multiple artist / collaborative artist combinations in the credits, always split them into all their individual artists unless there is clear evidence that a combined artist name was intended to be legally credited for the role.

📌 [Discussion] ed artists needing to be split (January 2014)

Main Artist Credits

RSG §2.7.1.
When a main artist or track based main artist is credited on a release for the following, a credit must also be added into the credit section:

◾ DJ Mix
◾ Compiled By
◾ Presenting Artist (Presenter)

📌 [Discussion] Meaning of credit role "DJ Mix" (February 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Artist X presents Artist Y - Album Z (June 2013)
📌 [Discussion] adding the name of the compiler as a main artist. (February 2014)

Eponymous Artists

RSG §2.8.1.
Artists with the same name as their groups, bands, or projects should be listed in the database as separate artists - (for example Frank Sinatra) should not be treated as bands, 'In Groups' for the backing musicians should not be applied to them.

Crediting Unnamed Groups

RSG §2.9.1.
Sometimes, a release will credit a group of people or performers involved in the release, such as Chorus, Choir, Orchestra, Ensemble, Cast, Company etc, but not give them a proper artist name. When entering such vague groups, a full artist name of the group should, if possible, be taken from the release, film, show, etc title, and added to the front of the group, for example; the Chorus from the musical Paint Your Wagon should be credited like this:

"Paint Your Wagon" Chorus

When entering the details on the release, it is acceptable to use the ANV function to display the original performer credit, so for example it can be like this:

"Paint Your Wagon" Chorus ANV Chorus

Since an artist is created by doing this, the original submitter of the release should try to add at least a brief description of the group in the Artist Profile. For example, for the above example, this would be an acceptable description: "An unidentified group of chorus singers that appear in the "Paint Your Wagon" movie and subsequent soundtrack recordings."

This method should not be used when the group is used in conjunction with a named artist, this should be added as one artist, for example Count Basie And His Orchestra.

Crediting Non-Specific Groups

RSG §2.10.1.
If a group of people are credited that aren't specific (for example: tribes, nations etc), credit them as an artist, and place the following in the artist profile:

"Discogs notice: This artist does not refer to a specific group of named individuals (such as a band or musical group) but rather defines the collective term for [details of group].

Please use this artist name (or any language variation thereof, via an ANV) for the [group name]."

RSG §2.10.2.
The 'In Groups' function can be used if the non-specific group is a subset of a larger non-specific group, but specific artists and groups cannot be linked as part of a non-specific group.

📌 [Discussion] Is Kurds a valid artist? (August 2014)

Solo Artist Plus A Generic Band Of Musicians

RSG §2.11.1.
A Solo Artist + Generic Band Of Musicians is entered as a new group with the solo artist as a member, for example:

◾ Quincy Jones And His Orchestra
◾ Sinatra & Company

Please make sure to add the solo artist as a member of that group using the In Groups function on the solo artists page.

📌 [Discussion] Solo Artist & Friends (July 2014)

Choosing The Primary Artist Name - Transliteration And Different Languages

RSG §2.12.1.
Swapping about primary artist names should only be done as a last resort, after discussion and a clear need to do it.

📌 [RSG §2.4.1.]
[...] Never swap about the suffixes, once an artist is designated a numerical suffix, the artist must remain with that suffix. The suffix has no relation to popularity or historical order.

RSG §2.12.2.
If the artist uses a Latin transliteration of their name on most releases, that should be the Primary Artist Name (PAN).

RSG §2.12.3.
If an artists names native spelling uses non-Latin characters, but the artist is well known in countries which use Latin characters, and has a Latin transliteration of their name, there should be a preference for having that Latin transliteration as the Primary Artist Name (PAN).

RSG §2.12.4.
Borderline cases must be discussed and reasonably resolved (in the help forums) before any changes are made. Try to take into the artists popularity in different countries, how the majority of releases indicate their name, and what will be easiest for all s of Discogs.

📌 [RSG §14.1.2.]
If you want to do the same type of edit over many releases, post a message in the Database forum stating your intentions. This will ensure your updates are acceptable before you do them, and may help you get votes faster. Link to the discussion on each of your edits, so other voters can read what is discussed.

📌 [Discogs] FAQ for Artists And Labels
📌 [Discussion] Getting approval for mass edits (March 2014)

Compound Artist Names

RSG §2.13.1.
When an artist is presented as "Name1 (Name2)" or "Name 1 AKA Name 2", the name before the brackets or 'aka' is considered the focal credit and should be credited - do not use an ANV for these situations.

If the name in brackets, or after 'aka', is an alias then it can optionally be credited on a separate line. If the name in brackets is not a direct alias of the artist, it cannot be added as a credit, but can be mentioned in the notes.

📌 [RSG §2.5.8.]
If there is a case whereby there are two Artist Name Variations present on a release for the same credit (for example there is D. Bowie on the cover for a vocal credit, and D. H. Bowie on the label for the vocal credit), only one can be entered.
The submitter should choose one based on such things as viability of the names, clarity and fullness of the data, and existing names already used in the database.

Merging Artists

RSG §2.14.1.
You must edit each release if one artist is being represented by two or more artist pages. Make sure your edits are correct and reflect the name that is is printed on the release, using Artist Name Variations if needed.
Never swap about the suffixes, once an artist is designated a numerical suffix, the artist must remain with that suffix. The suffix has no relation to popularity or historical order. If in doubt, ask in the forum database topic.

📌 [Discussion] Getting approval for mass edits (March 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Guideline request: Separating an artist (May 2014)

RSG §2.14.2.
Only duplicate artists should be merged. Make sure you explain in the Submission Notes what you are trying to achieve.

📌 [RSG §14.1.3.]
Even if it seems obvious, always try to explain your update fully using the submission notes. This will always be appreciated by other s, and is vital when we need to look back over the submission data's history.

RSG §2.14.3.
If your edits are going to remove all entries from an artist page, please make sure to update that page to remove all 'in groups', 'aliases', the profile, real name, and the links before editing the last release. Please make sure to transfer any relevant information over to the remaining profile.

Renaming Artists

RSG §2.15.1.
You must edit each release to rename an artist. Make sure your edits are correct and reflect what is printed on the release, using Artist Name Variations if needed.
Never swap about the suffixes, once an artist is designated a numerical suffix, the artist must remain with that suffix. The suffix has no relation to popularity or historical order. If in doubt, ask in the forum database topic.

📌 [Discussion] Getting approval for mass edits (March 2014)

RSG §2.15.2.
If your edits are going to remove all entries from an artist page, please make sure to update that page to remove all 'in groups', 'aliases', the profile, real name, and the links before editing the last release. Please make sure to transfer any relevant information over to the remaining profile.

📌 [List] Incorrectly capitalized artist and label names

Artist Page Sorting

Sections

◾ Releases
◾ Tracks Appear On
◾ Unofficial Releases
◾ Credits

Sub-Sections

Releases are sorted in the the sub-sections by looking to see if the release fits into a sub-section, working from the top to the bottom of a list. Note that the order of the list is not the same as the final order as displayed on the artist page - for example, the artist page list start of with albums, whereas we look at whether the release fits into the videos section first when we are deciding which sub-section to sort it into.

Master Releases

On the Artist Pages, we extract a format summary for every MR (this is currently hidden). This format summary is extracted from all the contained releases. We use this summary to place the entire MR in the correct subsection.

For Releases and Unofficial Releases

◾ Videos - For releases where every format/description line (apart from lines starting Box Set or All Media) contains one or more of the following tags: format names; DVD, DVDr, HD DVD, HD DVDr, Blu-ray, Blu-ray-R, CDV, Betamax, VHS, Video 2000, Laserdisc, SelectaVision. Format descriptions; Video, VCD, SVCD, DVD-Vid. Must NOT contain format descriptions DVD-Audio, DVD-Data, Audio.

◾ DJ Mixes - Tagged as Mixed AND main artist has DJ Mix credit

◾ Compilations - Tagged as Compilation, all releases in a MR must be tagged as 'Compilation'

◾ Albums;

◾ ◾ Tagged with Album or Mini-album

◾ ◾ Items tagged with LP but not with Single, Maxi-Single, or EP

◾ ◾ IF format = (all analog formts) AND (number_tracks >= 7 AND total_tracktime if available >= 30 minutes), OR (total_tracktime >= 30 minutes), AND format does not include EP, Maxi-Single, or Single.

◾ ◾ IF format = (all digital formats) (number_tracks >= 8 AND total_tracktime if available >= 44 minutes), OR (total_tracktime >= 44 minutes), AND format does not include EP, Maxi-Single, or Single.

◾ Singles & EPs - Tagged with Single, Maxi-Single, EP, 12", 7", 10", Mini, Minimax

◾ Miscellaneous - For everything else or anything tagged as 'Miscellaneous'

For Tracks Appear On

◾ Videos - For releases where every format/description line (apart from lines starting Box Set or All Media) contains one or more of the following tags: format names; DVD, DVDr, HD DVD, HD DVDr, Blu-ray, Blu-ray-R, CDV, Betamax, VHS, Video 2000, Laserdisc, SelectaVision. Format descriptions; Video, VCD, SVCD, DVD-Vid. Must NOT contain format descriptions DVD-Audio, DVD-Data, Audio.

◾ Mixes - Tagged as Mixed.

◾ Compilations - Tagged as Compilation, all releases in a MR must be tagged as 'Compilation'

◾ Albums;

◾ ◾ Tagged with Album or Mini-album

◾ ◾ Items tagged with LP but not with Single, Maxi-Single, or EP

◾ ◾ IF format = (all analog formts) AND (number_tracks >= 7 AND total_tracktime if available >= 30 minutes), OR (total_tracktime >= 30 minutes), AND format does not include EP, Maxi-Single, or Single.

◾ ◾ IF format = (all digital formats) (number_tracks >= 8 AND total_tracktime if available >= 44 minutes), OR (total_tracktime >= 44 minutes), AND format does not include EP, Maxi-Single, or Single.

◾ Singles & EPs - Tagged with Single, Maxi-Single, EP, 12", 7", 10", Mini, Minimax

◾ Miscellaneous - For everything else or anything tagged as 'Miscellaneous'

For Credits

The sub-sections are taken from the headings as listed at the credits list

◾ Remix
◾ Vocal
◾ Instruments & Performance
◾ Writing and Arrangement
◾ Featuring & Presenting
◾ Conducting & Leading
◾ Production
◾ DJ Mix
◾ Technical
◾ Visual
◾ Acting, Literary & Spoken
◾ Management

Analog and Digital Formats

For the album section, we use the following lists:

Analog Formats

◾ Vinyl
◾ Acetate
◾ Flexi-disc
◾ Lathe Cut
◾ Shellac
◾ Edison Disc
◾ Cylinder
◾ 8-Track Cartridge
◾ Cassette
◾ Microcassette
◾ Reel-To-Reel

Digital / Video Formats

◾ CD
◾ CDr
◾ CDV
◾ DVD
◾ DVDr
◾ HD DVD
◾ HD DVD-R
◾ Blu-ray
◾ Blu-ray-R
◾ Betamax
◾ VHS
◾ Video 2000
◾ Laserdisc
◾ SelectaVision
◾ Minidisc
◾ MVD
◾ UMD
◾ Datassette
◾ Floppy Disk
◾ File
◾ Memory Stick
◾ Hybrid
◾ All Media
◾ Box Set
◾ DAT
◾ DCC

Database Guidelines 3.Title 📌 [Release Title]

◾ 3.1. Title
◾ 3.2. No Obvious Title
◾ 3.3. Double A Sided Releases
◾ 3.4. Interpreting Track Titles As Release Titles
◾ 3.5. Releases Of Combined Titles

Title

RSG §3.1.1.
Use this field to enter the main title of the release.

📌 [Image] Title field

RSG §3.1.2.
Enter the title as close to the way it appears on the release as possible, following the general Discogs guidelines for capitalization.

📌 [RSG §1.2.1.]
The standard Discogs rule for [...] release and track titles [...] is the First Letter Of Each Word Is Capitalized. [...]

📌 [Quick Start Guide - Title] "We don't enter titles or names as ALL CAPS, so they [...] using the standard Discogs rule: Capitalize The First Letter Of Each Word."

RSG §3.1.3.
Sometimes the title is different on the cover, on the spine etc. It is best to use the title on the cover, but also consider what is going to be most useful to other s, so the most complete title is better no matter where it appears. In rare cases, it may be necessary to make up a compound title from the various versions of the title on the cover, spine, label etc. Use the notes field to mention any important differences.

RSG §3.1.4.
Subtitles should be entered into the title field. If the release doesn't have its own separators, please use parentheses brackets: Title (Subtitle)
If there is doubt as to whether text on the release is a subtitle or not, try referring to other releases or the artist or label websites.

📌 [Discussion] Why don't we have a Subtitle field? (February 2014)

RSG §3.1.5.
Do not use quotation marks around the whole release title. Scare quotes can be used, but are a rare occurrence (for example, David Bowie - "Heroes"). Titles that use quotes to denote and separate the title of a film, play, TV show, and other such names from the rest of the title (for example, Mancini Plays The Theme From "Love Story"), are acceptable.

RSG §3.1.6.
Do not transcribe words that serve as an introduction and are not intended to be part of the title:

Ziltoid The Omniscient
(Title appears on release as "Devin Townsend Presents Ziltoid The Omniscient".)

If the form in which the title appears on the release is considered to be important for identification, please list it in the release notes.

📌 [RSG §1.7.3.]
[...] release titles must be entered as they appear on the release [...], except where there is a proven error that deviates from the intent of the artist. Reasonable proof must be provided for the error correction to be accepted (for example, that you hold the release, and have checked the audio content). [...] Any title error that is corrected should be mentioned in the notes.

📌 [RSG §11.1.1.]
Release notes is a free text field. It is used to add any factual, objective notes about the release, or to list information that cannot be entered into other dedicated fields.

No Obvious Title

RSG §3.2.1.
If the release is an album with no obvious title, and there is no explicit evidence of it being untitled or given a title externally, use the artist's name as the title (in other words, assume it is eponymous or self-titled).

RSG §3.2.2.
If the release is a single or EP, and there are track titles, use the main track title as the title for the release. Do not add two or more track titles as the release title unless there is proof it was referred to on its release as this by the record label / artist.

RSG §3.2.3.
If there is good evidence of an external title being given to the release, use that title with an explanation in the notes as to its source.

RSG §3.2.4.
If there is no track information, or other source of a title, or if other sources point to the release being untitled, use Untitled.

Release Titles For Double A Sided Or Split Releases

RSG §3.3.1.
For double A-sided releases, or releases that are split between two artists, and that do not have a given title, use both track titles separated by a slash. A double A-sided single is one on which the titles of all tracks are featured on the packaging with equal prominence, or a single that was otherwise marketed as having more than one featured track, such as a reissue single containing a pair of previous hits. The labels on such releases often designate their sides as 'A' and 'AA', rather than 'A' and 'B', or have no side designations at all. When a B-side title appears on the front of a singles packaging in diminished type, especially when preceded by b/w (which means 'backed with'), it generally indicates the release is not double A-sided.

RSG §3.3.2.
Pre 1965 releases are unlikely to be double A side releases - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-side_and_B-side#Double_A-side

Interpreting Track Titles As Release Titles When Listed On The Cover

RSG §3.4.1.
Two titles listed on the front with equal prominence should be listed as the release title.

RSG §3.4.2.
Two titles listed on the front but with one more prominent than the other: normally, only the more prominent title should be entered as the release title, but external sources can be taken into .

RSG §3.4.3.
Two titles listed on the front but with 2nd title preceded by b/w (backed with) or c/w (coupled with): both track titles and the can normally be entered, but again, external sources can be taken into .

RSG §3.4.4.
One title listed on the front, one listed on the back along with credits for both sides: the B side track title should not be entered in the release title.

RSG §3.4.5.
There is no limit to the number of artists that can be listed as 'Main Artist', but the release itself has to show the intention that the artists are to be taken as the main artists on the release (or to list the artists in a way that doesn't allow us to differentiate).

RSG §3.4.6.
Singles without sleeves should only list the A side as the title, unless it is a double A sided release. However, if they have two separate artists, one each side, please list both track titles in the main title as on this release.

Releases Of Combined Titles

RSG §3.5.1.
Please see Back to Back as a good example of how to enter two artists on one release.

Database Guidelines 4. Label / Catalog

◾ 4.1. Labels And Companies

◾ 4.2. Label And Company Names
◾ 4.3. Label And Company Naming Conventions
◾ 4.4. Not On Label
◾ 4.5. Legacy Label Names
◾ 4.6.1. Unofficial Release Label And Company Names
◾ 4.6.2. Label And Company Definitions
◾ 4.6.3. Merge
◾ 4.6.4. Rename

◾ 4.7. Catalog Number
◾ 4.7.11. Shadow Catalog Number
◾ 4.8. Multiple Labels And Catalog Numbers
◾ 4.9. Matrix Number
◾ 4.10. Distributors
◾ 4.11. DIDX and other DID_ Codes

◾ 4.12. Release Models:

◾ 4.12.1. Minimum
◾ 4.12.2. Small To Medium
◾ 4.12.3. Major
◾ 4.12.4.

📌 [Discogs] FAQ for Artists And Labels

Labels And Companies

RSG §4.1.1.
This field is used for the label, series, record company, and other companies involved in the release. If the required label or company is not in Discogs yet, it will be created when you submit.

RSG §4.1.2.
Normally, listing the main label (usually the largest brand or logo on the release) is sufficient for cataloguing purposes. You can optionally list other companies mentioned on the release. Sometimes, the only way to describe a Unique Release is to mention one or more of these companies, in this case, it becomes mandatory to add it.

RSG §4.1.3.
In these guidelines, we use the word "company" as shorthand for any brand, business, copyright holder, studio, factory, and any other such entity.

📌 [RSG §1.2.1.]
The standard Discogs rule for [...] label names [...] is the First Letter Of Each Word Is Capitalized. [...]

Label and Company Names

RSG §4.2.1.
Please check (using the search function) for slight variations in the name (for example with or without 'Records' on the end). For example; "EMI Records Ltd" and "EMI Records Limited" are the same company and should be listed on the same page, whereas EMI Music Australia Pty Ltd is a separate company and should be entered on its own page. Note that these companies will probably appear on a release along with the Label (brand) 'EMI', which should be added separately.

RSG §4.2.1.a.
For smaller 'independent' labels and companies, such a variation is usually unintentional, so you can normally adjust the label name to match the existing Discogs entry. Please make a note of any adjustments in the release notes and the submission notes.

📌 [RSG §11.1.1.]
Release notes is a free text field. It is used to add any factual, objective notes about the release, or to list information that cannot be entered into other dedicated fields.

📌 [RSG §14.1.3.]
Even if it seems obvious, always try to explain your update fully using the submission notes. This will always be appreciated by other s, and is vital when we need to look back over the submission data's history.

RSG §4.2.1.b.
For larger 'major' labels and companies, any difference may be significant, in of defining a separate branch, brand, or company. These should be entered as on the release, unless there is proof that it is simply a variation for the exact same brand or company.

RSG §4.2.2.
The responsibility is on the wishing to combine label or company names to provide proof that the entity they are trying to combine is indeed one and the same.

📌 [Discogs] FAQ for Artists And Labels
📌 [Discussion] Adding company roles from external sources, is that OK? (April 2014)
📌 [List] Incorrectly capitalized artist and label names
📌 [List] And-we-make-records-too

Label And Company Naming Conventions

RSG §4.3.
For labels and companies that share the same name, we need to distinguish them so they are listed correctly on separate pages in the database:

RSG §4.3.1.
A number in parentheses should be used to differentiate labels, such as "LabelName", "LabelName (2)", "LabelName (3)" etc. For example, if the existing Liberation Records is not the same as the one on the release you are adding, please check for possible alternatives using the search. If none of the existing labels match the label on the release you are submitting, please create a new one by incrementing the appended number (if any), beginning with "(2)". "(1)" is never used. Never swap about the suffixes, once a labelis designated a numerical suffix, the label must remain with that suffix. The suffix has no relation to popularity or historical order.

RSG §4.3.2.
For generically named locations such as "Parish Church", or for companies which share the same name, and where the location is usually listed on the release, list the location as part of the name to differentiate them. For example, "Parish Church, Portland". Generally, the town or city is enough to add to the name. For locations in the United States (and possibly other countries), The town / city and state is the standard format, and can be entered like that (for example, Firehouse Recording Studios, Pasadena, CA). Try to go by what is commonly entered on the releases where possible.

📌 [Discussion] Recorded At (June 2013)
📌 [List] Recording/Mixing/Mastering Studios
📌 [List] concert halls, opera houses, theaters, arts centers & other venues
📌 [List] Churches
📌 [List] Academic and public electroacoustic/electronic music studios
📌 [List] Universities
📌 [List] Festivals
📌 [Website] Official USPS Abbreviations

RSG §4.3.3.
Locations within locations, for example, "Studio 1, Abbey Road Studios" should usually be entered into the notes.

📌 [Discussion] Companies - with or without location? (May 2013)

RSG §4.3.4.
Company branches that need to be differentiated, and consistently state their location, can be entered that way.

RSG §4.3.5.
If there is no other way of distinguishing two different companies, then the usual (2), (3) etc suffixes should be used as per artist and label names.

RSG §4.3.6.
For label and company names beginning with 'The', the name should be entered as "The Label". Do not move the "The" to the end of the name as is currently done for artist names.

RSG §4.3.7.
Sometimes, an artist will also have a role that is a company role - such as copyright. At the moment, this will create two pages (an /artist one and a /label one). This is fine. If you can, try to match up the names so they are the same - for example, if the artist is "ArtistName (4)", then use that exact name including the bracketed number for the company name.

Not On Label

RSG §4.4.1.
Releases which have no discernible label, such as self-released albums, limited edition tour merchandise, white labels, bootlegs, etc. should be listed under the "Not On Label" meta-label. This is done by typing "Not On Label" into the Label field. Before using Not On Label, please check for any catalog number or other markings that could associate a release with a particular label, or labels. Often, white label records can be tied back to a label by the catalog numbers found in the run-out grooves, and some CDs with limited information present might include a label logo, if no catalog number is clearly present.

📌 [Discussion] Label - Sealed RTI Test Pressings (July 2014)

RSG §4.4.2.
Not On Label pseudo-labels have been created to gather distinct set of releases without labels. The most common groupings are based on similar content and catalog numbers, and by artist:

Not On Label (ArtistName) - for unofficial releases containing music by a certain artist
Not On Label (ArtistName Self-released) - for music released specifically by an artist, as found on tours and made available via personal websites

Legacy issue #1 - Not On Label (SeriesName Series) was used for material with a clear pattern but no actual label name associated, like sequential catalog numbers and similar content, or the inclusion of an email address. These should now be entered with the label as a plain 'Not On Label', and the series name in the series field.

Legacy issue #2 - The original naming scheme for these pseudo-labels was 'Series/ArtistName' (White), implying that the associated releases were white labels. Any remaining legacy entries using this scheme can be updated when found.

📌 [Discussion] More than one '(Artist Self-released)' label with same name? (June 2012)

RSG §4.4.3.
Artists that use the definite article 'The' should be listed in their natural order. For example the group "The Police" (using artist naming convention on Discogs of "Police, The") should not be listed as their artist name on Discogs of "Not On Label (Police, The Self-released)" but should follow the correct labeling rule for all labels, "Not On Label (The Police Self-released)".

Legacy Label Names

RSG §4.5.
The label catag system at Discogs has been adjusted over the years to allow a greater degree of accuracy when adding the labels and companies involved in a release. In the past, 'false' labels were created by combining both the branding and company on a release. This was especially common for major label releases, which can have many labels and companies involved.
Please be aware of this when submitting, don't automatically change the information presented on your release to 'fit in' with what is currently listed on Discogs for major labels. Always ask in the adding and updating forum http://discogs.versitio.com/help/forums/board/17 if you are in doubt.

Unofficial Release Label And Company Names

RSG §4.6.1.
Care should be taken with counterfeit recordings, which are packaged to resemble the original as closely as possible. Often, the packing will include the original label and company names. Enter these items using a separate label;
For example, if the original label is "LabelName", and the suspected counterfeit contains this label name, it should be entered as "LabelName (2)" - thereby creating a different label. The profile of this label should be filled out to explain its circumstances.

📌 [RSG §6.5.4.]
Bootleg, counterfeit, or pirated files are not eligible for submission to Discogs.

📌 [RSG §6.15.3.]
The following are approximate definitions only:

Bootleg: Unauthorized recordings of live performances/broadcasts.
Counterfeit: Recordings which are copied or distributed without authority, and which are packaged to resemble the original as closely as possible.
Pirate: Recordings which are copied or distributed without authority, and which are usually packaged differently to the original.

Label And Company Definitions

RSG §4.6.2.
The following are definitions for all the tags that can be selected in the label and company section.

Label - Brand or imprint used by the record company to identify their releases. The label on a release can usually be identified by having a prominent logo. Labels are usually important to enter in a submission - if a release has a label or labels mentioned, they are required to be entered.

Series - A branded series of releases. These will usually be a number of releases on one label, carrying a distinct extra branding indicating a series. The most common and sure way of knowing if something is a series is when the word 'series' appears in the name, for example, "The Silver Spotlight Series". The word can also appear on the back of the release, or externally on official websites or publications.

Sometimes, it is not apparent whether the branding is meant to be a series or a label, for example "Talkin' Loud Classics". Treat it as a label until there is proof it should be a series.

Compilations that are sequentially numbered can be added as a series. They are usually on one label, contain tracks by different artists, only have one version of each release, possibly two or three, and have a common theme running through their titles / artwork / tracks. Larger 'volume compilations' may have a redesign during their lifespan, but the theme will remain - usually in the title.

Releases that are not a series include numbered or otherwise ordered original works by an artist, for example, Led Zeppelin l / II / III / IV, Beethoven's Symphony No.1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 etc, Selected Ambient Works 85-92 and Selected Ambient Works Volume II. If the releases are connected in some manner, but have no branding on the releases, then are not considered a series - for example, Drexciya "Storms". Branding for an album and related set of singles, promos etc when the concept falls short of being a proper series, and isn't called one by the label, should not be treated as a series - for example, "Motown Remixed".

Other words can be used to indicate a series, for example, "collection".

If the releases in the series have a number associated with them, this can be entered into the 'catalog number' field ajacent to the series name. Enter the numbering as it appears on the release, for example, "Vol. One", "Part 6". When possible, don't repeat the series name in the series number, for example, "The Greatest Hits '92 - Vol. 4" would be entered as "'92 - Vol. 4" .

📌 [Discussion] How to correctly enter a series number F.A.Q. (February 2013)

Record Company - Legal trading entity. These are not always mentioned on the release. Please use the specific "Copyright (c)", "Phonographic Copyright (p)", or other tags instead when used on the release (this is quite common). Most have a limited company type in their name, such as "Sony BMG Music Entertainment (UK) Ltd". Larger 'Major labels' have a complicated hierarchical structure, with a global company, under which they have regional companies, which then have labels and series. For releases on the 'major labels', it is sometimes necessary to enter the company to describe a unique release. In all other cases, entering the company isn't required, but entering this information is still beneficial.

Licensed To - The company that has received permission from another company to make the release. (Can sometimes also be worded 'Licensed By', but be careful, so can 'Licenced From).

Licensed From - The company that has given permission to another company to make the release.

Licensed Through - Usually indicated by these words - a company that is an intermediary in the licensing process.

Marketed By - The company that is involved in maximizing the sales of the release

Distributed By - The company that manages the wholesale distribution of the release

Manufactured By - A general term for making the physical release, this term is used a lot of the time to indicate the company that oversaw the manufacturing process, rather than the company that physically did the manufacturing, but the role can be used by either if it is used on the release.

Exported By - The company that ships the release from the original country or area of distribution, to other countries or areas.

Phonographic Copyright (p) - Indicates the copyright holder of the recording.

Copyright (c) - Indicates a copyright holder. Can be for images, logos, lyrics, layout, liner notes, and anything else using the © symbol or the term 'Copyright'.

Made By - A generic manufacturing role.

Pressed By - The manufacturing plant that presses vinyl, CDs etc.

Duplicated By - The manufacturing plant that duplicates CDr, cassettes etc.

Printed By - The printer duplicates the sleeves, labels, booklets, covers and all other printed material on the release.

Published By - Usually indicated by these words. The copyright holder of the published score.

Recorded At - The sound studio, venue, or event where the music / audio was recorded.

Engineered At - Another way of giving the name of the sound studio where the music / audio was recorded.

Produced At - The studio where the release was produced. Do not confuse this with manufacturing.

Overdubbed At - The sound studio where the music / audio was overdubbed.

Mixed At - The sound studio where the music / audio was mixed down from multitrack to a final (usually, stereo) mix.

Remixed At - The sound studio where the music / audio was remixed.

Mastered At - The mastering studio.

Lacquer Cut At - Part of the mastering process where an acetate lacquer is cut from the final mix.

Glass Mastered At - Part of the mastering process where a CD or DVD is etched onto a glass plate from the final mix.

Designed At - The design studio that produces the artwork for the release.

Filmed At - The film studio where the release was filmed.

📌 [Discussion] Adding company roles from external sources, is that OK? (April 2014)
📌 [Discussion] [INDEX] - Printing companies (May 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Is it allowed to add a series if it's not present on the release? (August 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Pressing Plant Info Added To LCCN Cat# Field? (March 2014)

Merge

RSG §4.6.3.
You must edit each release if one label is being represented by two or more label pages. Make sure your edits are correct and reflect what is printed on the release. Never swap about the suffixes, once a label or company is designated a numerical suffix, they must remain with that suffix. The suffix has no relation to popularity or historical order. If in doubt, ask in the adding and updating forum.

Rename

RSG §4.6.4.
You must edit each release to rename a label. Make sure your edits are correct and reflect what is printed on the release. Never swap about the suffixes, once a label or company is designated a numerical suffix, they must remain with that suffix. The suffix has no relation to popularity or historical order. If in doubt, ask in the adding and updating forum.

Catalog Number

RSG §4.7.1.
The catalog number is usually the most prominent number printed on the release - often on the spine, on the back cover, and on the label etc. The catalog number should be entered directly as it appears on a release - it shouldn't be altered for conformity with other catalog numbers listed on the label page.

RSG §4.7.2.
A catalog number is required for every label entered. Where no catalog number exists, you must enter "none" into the catalog number field (note the lower case n). For other companies on the release, leave the catalog number field blank, unless there is a sequential identifying number that relates directly to the company.

RSG §4.7.3.
If the catalog number appears in different formats on the release (for example "ABC-001" and "abc1"), or there are two or more catalog numbers, enter all the versions of the catalog number in separate catalog number fields. To do this, click the [+] button to add extra label / catalog number rows. You must always enter the label as well.
Any variation in the catalog number can be entered as an additional number, including capitalization variations. However, the variations are only required to be entered if they would produce a new shadow catalog number.

📌 [Discussion] Guideline 4.7.3 - what is a shadow cat#? (May 2014)

RSG §4.7.4.
Be aware that Amazon ASIN codes (prefix: B000) used as catalog numbers may indicate the submitter has taken the information from Amazon, and not from the release itself. It is forbidden to use any source except from the release itself as the primary source of information, please see the general guidelines. Note that Universal Records and subsidiaries / sub-labels can have a similar catalog number prefix. ASIN codes should be entered under 'Barcode And Other Identifiers' - see help/submission-guidelines-release-barcode

RSG §4.7.5.
Please be careful not to add Label Codes or Distribution Codes into the catalog number field. More information about these codes can be found on the wiki Label Codes page and Distribution Codes page.
These codes can be entered under 'Barcode And Other Identifiers' - see help/submission-guidelines-release-barcode

RSG §4.7.6.
Sometimes individual discs in a multi-CD or multi-LP set will have their own numbers printed on them, separate from the main catalog number on the packaging. These numbers can be entered in the 'Barcode And Other Identifiers' section (see help/submission-guidelines-release-barcode ) and / or the company, when it is a sequential identifying number that relates directly to the company (see 4.7.2):

📌 [RSG §4.7.2.]
A catalog number is required for every label entered. Where no catalog number exists, you must enter "none" into the catalog number field (note the lower case n). For other companies on the release, leave the catalog number field blank, unless there is a sequential identifying number that relates directly to the company.

📌 [RSG §4.8.1.]
It is possible to list more than one label on a release. This should be used for a t release between two or more labels, or where an individual release has multiple catalog numbers on one label. This should not to be used for the same release being re-issued by a different label. This would require a unique Discogs entry.

RSG §4.7.7.
Sometimes individual tracks on a vinyl release will have their own ID numbers printed on the labels, usually in a smaller font, and sometimes in parentheses, separate from the main catalog number of the release. These numbers should be entered in the 'Barcode And Other Identifiers' section- see help/submission-guidelines-release-barcode.

RSG §4.7.8.
Multiple catalog numbers should be entered for a single item intended to be sold under different numbers in different territories (such as on many WEA releases in UK+Europe), regardless of whether corresponding, single-catalog number items exist for each territory.

RSG §4.7.9.
Look out for catalog numbers in typographic artwork, including those possibly accidentally left on an item by a licensee label. For example, Japanese re-releases of albums sometimes use the artwork in its entirely. Try not to enter the 'old' catalog number.

RSG §4.7.10.
Often the matrix number will be the catalog number followed by a side identifier, for example ABC-001-A and ABC-001-B, where the catalog number is ABC-001. Catalog numbers can be derived from the matrix numbers in these cases provided there is good evidence for it being correct - for example, the extracted catalog number matches the catalog number format on the label's other releases.

📌 [RSG §1.9.4.]
Use the Unicode strikethrough for catalog numbers and any other applicable area. There is an external site that helps you create this.

📌 [Discussion] Pressing Plant Info Added To LCCN Cat# Field? (March 2014)

Shadow Catalog Number

RSG §4.7.11.
Shadow Catalog Number is a feature that reformats the catalog number for sorting and searching purposes. There is no direct involvement with it, it is automated and invisible. The following method is used site wide to work out the Shadow Catalog Number:

Transform all lowercase letters to uppercase.
Add an extra 'spacer zero' onto the end of the catalog number. If a 'number dash single number' or 'number space single number' is detected at the end of the cat#, move that number in there instead of the zero.
Strip out all characters except for letters and numbers.
Separate groups of numbers from groups of letters using tab characters.
Pad all number groups out to sixteen digits wide ("90241" becomes "0000000000090421", etc.)

📌 [Discussion] Guideline 4.7.3 - what is a shadow cat#? (May 2014)

Multiple labels and catalog numbers

RSG §4.8.1.
It is possible to list more than one label on a release. This should be used for a t release between two or more labels, or where an individual release has multiple catalog numbers on one label. This should not to be used for the same release being re-issued by a different label. This would require a unique Discogs entry.

📌 [RSG §4.7.6.]
Sometimes individual discs in a multi-CD or multi-LP set will have their own numbers printed on them, separate from the main catalog number on the packaging. These numbers can be entered in the 'Barcode And Other Identifiers' section (see help/submission-guidelines-release-barcode ) [...]

📌 [Discussion] Clarification about RSG 4.8.1 multiple labels and catalog numbers (March 2014)

RSG §4.8.2.
If a release has both sub label and parent label catalog numbers, they should all be listed, in order to complete the relevant discographies. If it was released on multiple labels but one label was more involved in the release, list that label first.

📌 [Discussion] Proposal: ditch RSG §4.8.2. (August 2014)

RSG §4.8.3.
For each label field that is added a catalog number field will also be added. These must be completed. The sequence of catalog numbers should match the sequence of label fields, for example if three labels are listed the catalog number assigned by the label in the third label field should be added to the third catalog number field. If all labels used the same catalog number this should be added to all catalog number fields.

RSG §4.8.4.
Where an individual release has multiple catalog numbers on one label, the first catalog number field should contain the catalog number that best matches the label’s catalog system. It helps to mention in the notes section the location of the multiple catalog numbers on the release.

Matrix Numbers

RSG §4.9.1.
A matrix number (sometimes derived from the catalog number) is used during manufacturing to keep track of the process, for example to mark the sides of a record. Usually, the matrix number is inscribed in the run out groove of a record, or in the center of a CD. Note that other information can be inscribed in these areas as well, such as the Mastering engineer or plant identifier. Matrix numbers can be entered under the 'Barcode And Other Identifiers' section - see help/submission-guidelines-release-barcode

RSG §4.9.2.
If there is no apparent catalog number on the release, please enter the matrix number/s, barcode, or other identifiers in the 'Barcode And Other Identifiers' section. Information on Jamaican matrix numbers can be found in the post at http://discogs.versitio.com/help/forums/topic/131564

Distributors And Distribution Codes

RSG §4.10.1.
Sometimes, a Distribution Code will appear on the release. Please don't enter these as catalog numbers, they can be entered using the 'Other' tag in the 'Barcode And Other Identifiers' section - see help/submission-guidelines-release-barcode.
Label codes, distribution or price codes are sometimes prefixed with country abbreviations or indicators. Please enter these in the description field only, not as part of the code itself. More information on Distribution Codes can be found in the Discogs wiki.

📌 [Discussion] Distribution Code Countries (April 2014)
📌 [Discussion] fake distribution code / how to add? (June 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Release question (January 2014)
📌 [Note] There is currently no consensus if a Distribution Code should be added as
"Other (Distribution Code F:): PM 520" or "Other (Distribution Code F): PM 520"

DIDX and other DID_ Codes

RSG §4.11.
DID_ codes are the numbers used by Sony's manufacturing company, Digital Audio Disc Corporation, to identify the master copies of CDs duplicated in their pressing plants. These codes should not be used as catalog numbers, please only enter them into the 'Other' tag in the 'Barcode And Other Identifiers' section - see help/submission-guidelines-release-barcode.

DADC has used a number of different DID_ code series over the years:

◾ DIDC - Classical recordings released on Sony-d record labels.
◾ DIDP - Popular (i.e., non-classical) recordings released on Sony-d record labels.
◾ DIDX - Recordings pressed by DADC for release on non-Sony-d record labels.
◾ DIDY - Recordings pressed by the US division of DADC for the Columbia House Record Club.
◾ DIDZ - Recordings released on WEA Japan. (This code was only used from 1983 to 1985.)

A DIDX code on a release doesn't necessarily mean that copy of the release was actually pressed by DADC. As more CD pressing plants opened around the world, the record labels would often have other manufacturers press later runs of releases originally manufactured by DADC, but wouldn't necessarily remove the DADC mastering code from the CD's packaging. In some cases the DIDX codes also appear in the matrix codes of CDs manufactured by other companies.

The CSIG code that appears on some 3" CD singles may also be a DADC-assigned mastering ID, making it a close cousin of the DID_ codes.

Release Models

The minimum necessary

📌 [Image] Smallest

RSG §4.12.1.
This chart shows the process stripped to the bones. The artist records their work, duplicates and packages it themselves, and then sells it direct to the public. Labels, distributors, manufacturers, and retail outlets are removed from the path entirely.

The release will be 'Not On label' at Discogs, unless the artist creates a label name for the release.

Small or medium sized label release model

📌 [Image] Medium

RSG §4.12.2.
This chart shows an idealized path for the artist's release, from the recording studio through to the public.

The label here is one and the same as the record company, they both have the same name and are the same entity.

This is a standard path for releases on small or medium sized labels operating in probably one country or territory. Non-major label releases in the rock, folk, and jazz genres are likely to follow a path close to this. If you substitute the recording studio for the artist's own studio, the model also fits a lot of electronic releases.

Note the gray path representing an 'import'. The importer will be another business in another territory, that buys a certain number of copies of the release from the distributor, and has their own distribution path in the separate country or territory. The import will be exactly the same release, it is physically shipped to the importer.

These releases are usually reasonably easy to catalog on Discogs - there will be one label for the release.

A major label release model

📌 [Image] Major label

RSG §4.12.3.
This is one of a myriad of possibilities for a major label release. The main difference that drives this model is the release is manufactured and sold in different places by different companies.

The label here is really only a brand. It is used by the record company to give a distinct identity to the release.

Once the part of the company that deals with the logistics of creating the release (recording, mastering, packaging) finishes that stage of the process, the release master is then sent to separate regional branches of the record company for manufacturing. These regional offices are likely to be in different countries or territories around the world. The master package will include the audio and any artwork required to replicate the release during manufacturing. One of the main benefits of doing it this way, rather than just shipping imports, is costs are kept down by manufacturing close to where the item will be sold, rather than shipping container loads of releases around the world.

If the record company doesn't have a branch in a particular territory, it may license the release to another company in that territory, and they will arrange the manufacturing and distribution of the release. This company could be a record label (and associated brand), or it could be a distributor, manufacturer, or any other company that has the ability to organize the manufacturing and distribution of the release.

Usually, each separate branch of the chain will include their name on the release, as well as the label (brand) name. Also, manufacturers and distributors may be mentioned on the release artwork.

These releases are the hardest to catalog clearly on Discogs. The most factual method is to list the record company regional branch, licensee, or other entity as well as the label (brand) on the release.

A digital release model

📌 [Image] Digital release

RSG §4.12.4. This is a model for digital releases - MP3s, WAVs, AACs etc as sold at online shops such as iTunes, Beatport, Juno etc.

It is apparent that the structure is similar to the major label release structure above. However, there are a number of differences. The label / record company have a much smaller role, and the (online) distributor and (online) shops a much larger one.

The digital distributor can also act as a record company / label and publisher.

There is no manufacturing. The digital file is ed down the chain in various stages of preparation for sale. The final version of the file only comes into being once it is encoded, which is often done by the online shop.

Related Topics:

◾ Guidelines - General Rules
◾ Guidelines - Updating A Label Profile
◾ Database Glossary
◾ Contributing to Discogs
◾ [Discogs] FAQ for Artists And Labels
◾ [Discussion] [INDEX] - Printing companies (May 2014)
◾ [Discussion] Recorded At (June 2013)
◾ [Discussion] matrix numbers on jamaican vinyl (April 2007)
◾ [List] Incorrectly capitalized artist and label names
◾ [List] And-we-make-records-too
◾ [List] Recording/Mixing/Mastering Studios
◾ [List] concert halls, opera houses, theaters, arts centers & other venues
◾ [List] Churches
◾ [List] Academic and public electroacoustic/electronic music studios
◾ [List] Universities
◾ [List] Festivals
◾ [Website] Official USPS Abbreviations

★☆★☆ 2.o ★☆★☆
Database Guidelines 5. Barcodes & Identifiers

◾ 5.1. 📌 [How To Enter]
◾ 5.2. 📌 [Barcodes]
◾ 5.3. 📌 [SID codes]
◾ 5.4. 📌 [Matrix / Run-Out information]
◾ 5.5. 📌 [ASIN]
◾ 5.6. 📌 [Rights Society]
◾ 5.7. 📌 [Label Code]
◾ 5.8. 📌 [Other]
◾ 5.9. 📌 [Description Field]
◾ 5.10. 📌 ['none']
◾ 5.11. 📌 [Stickers]

RSG §5.1.
This section allows you to enter any identifying numbers and codes such as barcodes, matrix numbers, and other such information. These fields are optional information for a submission, but please bear in mind that the more information that is included, the easier it is to keep the database correct, and it increases the usability of the data for everyone.

First, click the "Add barcode or identifier" button. You'll then see the fields to be filled in:

📌 [Image] Barcode fields 1

Select the type of identifier you want to enter from the drop down. You can then enter the identifier in the second field. Click the "Add description" button to open the 'Description' field, if needed.

📌 [Image] Barcode fields 2

Use the "Add barcode or identifier" button to add another row. You can add as many rows as you need.

📌 [Image] Barcode fields 3

RSG §5.2
Barcodes can be sourced from both the barcode text (the numbers printed below the barcode) or by reading the barcode itself with a barcode scanner. If there is a discrepancy between these two sources, both barcode variations can be entered into separate barcode fields.

Usually, the human readable code will include spaces, dashes, or other characters. These characters only serve to make the barcode easier to read, they are not necessary for computers to parse. It is recommended to enter them without the spaces and dashes (for usability and searching), but the choice is exclusively up to the submitter. Ultimately, the barcode can be entered both ways on the same release, please do not delete one version in favor of the other.

The 'Description' field can be used to indicate the source of the barcode, for example "Scanned" and "Text". In the case of multiple barcodes on a release, they can all be entered in separate barcode fields - please use the 'Description' field to provide any further information, if possible.

📌 [Discussion] barcode "none"? (2010)
📌 [Discussion] Barcode (Text) / (String) (March 2014)
📌 [Discussion] stickered release - valid entry? (2012)
📌 [Discussion] Original Stickers on Original CD Cases (February 2014)
📌 [Release] additional UK distributor sticker
📌 [Release] additional US distributor barcode on sticker
📌 [Release] different barcode variants attached with sticker
📌 [List] Creative Barcodes
📌 [Website] Barcode Lookup
📌 [Wikipedia] Barcode

RSG §5.3.
SID codes (Source Identification Codes) were introduced in 1994 by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) in order to help combat piracy. The mastering SID code is usually found in the matrix area/mirror band of a CD. The mould SID code is usually found in the mould/hub of a CD molded into the plastic of the disc.

The mastering SID code identifies the machinery used to make the glass master. The mould SID code identifies the plant where the CD was pressed. SID codes should not be used to identify manufacturing plants or glass mastering facilities however as the codes may transfer from owner to owner of the equipment and/or pressplant.

A SID Code consists of the letters IFPI, followed by either four or five additional characters, which may be alphabetical or numerical. A mastering SID code must always start with the letter 'L'. A mould SID code can start with any letter apart from "I", "O", "S" and "Q".

Though untypical, some releases may have the SID codes repeated in the matrix string itself. Rarer still, a release may sometimes have more than one mould SID code. Further details about SID codes and their implementation can be found here:
http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/sid-code-implementation-guide.pdf

A release with SID codes cannot have been made before 1994. If the date cannot be established with a citation or an adequate explanation, the date should be left blank.

📌 [Discussion] iƒpi or ifpi in BaOI Field (2012)
📌 [Discussion] SID Code version unique or not? (February 2014)
📌 [Discussion] SID code plus additions acceptable? (December 2013)
📌 [Discussion] the 'best' way to sort Matrix and SID Code variations ? (October 2013)
📌 [Website] Musiksammler.de / SID- (IFPI-) Codes List

RSG §5.4.
Matrix / Run-Out information is often stamped in the run out grooves of records, or in the inner ring of CDs. Vinyl run out etchings can also contain mastering engineer / mastering studio / pressing plant information (often as initials), and extra text. This information can all be added to one 'Matrix number' field.

Matrix Numbers and other run out information can also be extracted from the whole run out inscription, and added as further 'Matrix Number' fields with descriptions and / or expanded upon in the notes as the submitter sees fit.

Matrix numbers can also be found printed on the label, often without the stamper version etc, this can be added in a separate field if desired.

There can be large gaps between different sections of a releases run out inscriptions. Please only use a space to denote such gaps, as using other separators may cause problems for people searching for a specific data string.

One edition of a release may have many different matrix numbers on individual copies - especially for major label releases. These are considered manufacturing variations for the purposes of cataloguing on Discogs, and not unique releases, so one Discogs 'release' may contain multiple variations in matrix numbers etc. For smaller releases, or in special cases, the matrix variation may indicate a unique release / edition, so please ask in the Database Forum Topic if in doubt.

📌 [Discussion] the 'best' way to sort Matrix and SID Code variations ? (October 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Does RE in a matrix / runout automatically mean reissue? (September 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Common runout groove etchings: how to list them Version 5
📌 [Discussion] Common runout groove etchings: how to list them Version 4
📌 [Discussion] Common runout groove etchings: how to list them Version 3
📌 [Discussion] Common runout groove etchings: how to list them Version 2
📌 [Discussion] Common runout groove etchings: how to list them Version 1
📌 [List] Messages on run-out grooves
📌 [Website] Alphanumeric strings and Manufacture codes in vinyl runout etchings
📌 [Website] Dead wax inscriptions
📌 [Website] Steve Hoffman.tv Forum - The pressing plants and their codes (last permalink - Update Aug 17, 2013)

RSG §5.5.
ASIN is the Amazon Standard Identification Number. This is a unique identification number assigned by Amazon.com and its partners for product identification within the Amazon.com organization. Please provide submission notes that point to the relevant release on Amazon.

📌 [RSG §14.1.3.]
Even if it seems obvious, always try to explain your update fully using the submission notes. This will always be appreciated by other s, and is vital when we need to look back over the submission data's history.

RSG §5.6.
Rights Society is an association that isters the rights to the artists recorded work, such as collecting royalties for radio and TV usage etc. A list of them are on our country guideline page. An example is "ASCAP"

📌 [Discussion] Rights Society - Again (2012)
📌 [Discussion] add. track positions for rights society (July 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Right Societies... How should be written in BaOI? (February 2014)
📌 [Release] track positions for rights society in BAOI
📌 [List] Rights Societies incorrectly used as Labels

RSG §5.7.
Label Code is a four or five digit code prefixed with 'LC'.
GVL started on 1st May 1976 to allocate Labelcodes to record companies in order to uniquely identify them. Codes are currently assigned by GVL to companies engaged in music recording that are located in the countries of the EU. Please enter the whole code including the 'LC' prefix. An example is "LC 0125".

📌 [Discussion] Label Codes can never have other letters than LC. (April 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Label Code LC lists (work in progress) (April 2014)

RSG §5.8.
The 'Other' field can be used for any other identifying number or code on the release.

📌 [Discussion] Are these letters: ISRC part of the ISRC itself? (September 2014)
📌 [Discussion] SPARS Code in menu (September 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Suggestion: add fields for ISBN and ISRC to the BaOI (July 2014)

RSG §5.9.
The description field to add any further information regarding the identifier, such as the identifier type, any descriptive text associated with it, its location on the release, or anything else that seems significant. If an identifier is associated with only a subset of the total labels on the release, you can include the exact label name/s it is associated with.

RSG §5.10.
'none' can be entered into any field to indicate the absence of an identifier, but only when this is needed for differentiation of the release from other versions.

📌 [Discussion] barcode "none"? (2010)

RSG §5.11.
If information is taken from stickers that have been applied after manufacture (for example by the distributor), please declare it is a sticker in the description, and add any further information available (for example, the company name).

📌 [Release] different barcode variants attached with sticker

Related Topics:

◾ Guidelines - General Rules
◾ Guidelines - Label / Catalog
◾ Database Glossary
◾ Contributing to Discogs
◾ [Guidelines - Updating A Label Profile]
◾ [Discogs] Finding The Information On A Release
◾ [List] Creative Barcodes
◾ [List] Messages on run-out grooves
◾ [List] Rights Societies incorrectly used as Labels

Database Guidelines 6. Format

◾ 6.1. Format

◾ 6.2. Eligible Formats:

◾ 6.3. Physical Media
◾ 6.4. Video
◾ 6.5. MP3, ogg-vorbis, And Other File Based Formats

◾ 6.6. LP versus 12"
◾ 6.7. CD versus CDr
◾ 6.8. CD Matrix

◾ 6.9. Format Descriptions:

◾ 6.10. Album, Mini-Album, EP, Maxi-Single and Single
◾ 6.11. Limited Edition
◾ 6.12. White Labels, Promos and Test Pressings
◾ 6.13. Stereo
◾ 6.14. LP
◾ 6.15. Unofficial Releases
◾ 6.16. Compilation
◾ 6.17. Reissue and Repress

Format

RSG §6.1.1.
Format describes the sound carrier used for the release. The same recording released on different formats needs to be put into the database as separate items (including different data rates for file based releases). Only enter the specific format that you have in your possession. The full formats and descriptions lists are available at the formats list page.

As well as the basic format (CD, Vinyl etc), you can enter the quantity, apply one or more descriptions, and add text in the free text field.

Please see the example in the Quick Start Guide for how to enter formats correctly.

📌 [Image] Quickstart

RSG §6.1.2.
Quantity (Qty) - this is used to note the number of items that is included with the release, in the particular following format. Common examples would be:

◾ 1 x CD - for one CD
◾ 2 x CD - for a two CD release

◾ for a release containing one LP and one 7"
1 x LP
1 x 7"

For releases containing two or more albums etc on two or more media, there are two ways to enter this - compact;

◾ 2 x LP, Album

and expanded;

◾ 1 x LP, Album
◾ 1 x LP, Album

The expanded method is the preferred one.

📌 [Discussion] How many format lines is too many? (April 2014)
📌 [Staff] It is up to the submitter what they want to use. The expanded ones are more 'correct', but the compact one isn't wrong. (March 2012)
📌 [Staff] The 'expended' version is more accurate, if unwieldy. (March 2012)

File based releases should also use the 'Qty' field to list the number of audio files of a specific type in the release. Other file types included on the release should not be counted.

For example:

◾ 4 x File, MP3 - for a release containing four MP3s
◾ 1 x File, ogg-vorbis - for a release containing one ogg-vorbis file

for a release containing 15 ACC files and one WAV file:

◾ 15 x File, ACC
◾ 1 x File, WAV

In the past, this field has not been used for file based releases, there will be many examples of file based releases in the database that need updated.

RSG §6.1.3.
Format - This gives us a list of all the main formats that audio is released on, the full list can be seen at http://discogs.versitio.com/help/formatslist

RSG §6.1.4.
The Format Description field can be added multiple times to the same line by using the [Add Description] button once the first format description has been added. The available descriptions to add to a format depend on the format selected.

RSG §6.1.5.
The Free Text field should be used to describe;

◾ Any non-standard color of the audio carrier
◾ Any notable packaging (for example gatefold sleeves, Digipak etc (see RSG §6.1.6)
◾ Any significant differentiating factor between releases (for example, sleeve or label color etc)
◾ Text that isn't part of the title but distinguishes the specific release from others (for example 'Disc 1', '30th Anniversary Edition' etc). The free text field should not be used to describe things that are already in the Format or Description fields
◾ Bitrates for lossy file formats, for example "320 kbps" (📌 RSG §1.3.1. 📌 RSG §6.5.2.)
◾ Any non-standard weight on vinyl releases, provided it appears on the release, or is clearly identifiable as part of a series of heavy presses
◾ Cassette information such as "C60", "Dolby B", etc

📌 [Discussion] Clarification on Guideline 6.1.5: Free Text Field / non-standard color (July 2014)

RSG §6.1.6.
Unless any release that has the same title and format on the artist or label pages is also released using different packaging (for example a slimline jewel case and a Digipak), package description should not be added to the free text field, but remain in the Release Notes.

📌 [RSG §11.1.1.]
Release notes is a free text field. It is used to add any factual, objective notes about the release, or to list information that cannot be entered into other dedicated fields.

RSG §6.1.7.
As the free text field will be shortened the only the first three characters on the artist and label page lists, it is beneficial that the most important distinguishing feature be noted first. For example, if the vinyl is available in "mottled clear red, blue, and brown", it should be listed in the free text box with the color first: 'Brown Mottled, Clear' etc, so the three character abbreviations "Red, Bro, Blu" appear on the artist and label lists.

📌 [RSG §1.2.1.]
The standard Discogs rule for [...] format free text field [...] is the First Letter Of Each Word Is Capitalized. [...]

📌 [RSG §1.3.1.a.]
[...] For file based release, file type is required, and the bitrate must be entered (if available) for MP3, WMA, ogg-vorbis, and AAC (in the free text field).

📌 [RSG §6.5.2.]
Bitrates should be entered as "kbps" (note all lower case). This info can go in the free text field.

📌 [RSG §6.11.]
[...] If something is listed as a "Special Edition," this should be noted in the free text field.

📌 [Discogs] Packaging (Discogs Wiki)
📌 [Discussion] '1st press' in the FTF? (May 2013)
📌 [Discussion] 6 x LP box, each vinyl with different colour - how to add (March 2012)
📌 [Discussion] Can I write in Dolby as Format? (October 2010)
📌 [Discussion] Cardboard Sleeve vs Card Sleeve (March 2012)
📌 [Discussion] CD1 and CD2 - use of in FTF. (March 2012)
📌 [Discussion] Digipak in the Format line (May 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Gatefold in FTF (June 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Gatefold in FTF in every case? (July 2014)
📌 [Discussion] is 180 gram allowed in format? (May 2012)
📌 [Discussion] Question about 6.1.5. & 6.1.6. (March 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Request for Guideline Change on Gatefolds (October 2013)
📌 [Release] Vinyl, LP, Reissue, Album, 200 Gram
📌 [Staff] "1st Press" should not be added to the FTF. It should only be added to the release notes with strong citations / confirmation. (June 2013)
📌 [Staff] Any difference is eligible to enter in the FTF, when it is non-obvious. We want the site to be easy to use, and the data to be distinguishable. (May 2013)
📌 [Staff] I am of the opinion that "CD1" etc should not be added to the free text field unless it is clearly noted on the release itself (sticker, artwork etc). (April 2012)
📌 [Staff] You should write "180 Gram" in the free text field if there are other versions that are not 180 gram in the same Master Release. Otherwise, you should put that in the notes. (March 2014)
📌 [Website] Digipak®
📌 [Wikipedia] Bit rate

Eligible Formats

RSG §6.2.
Any item that carries audio is potentially eligible for inclusion to the Discogs database. Please take the following into to establish the validity of the item you wish to submit:

Physical Media

RSG §6.3.
Discogs only catalogs items that are or have been available to the general public, either as commercially sold items, or as free give-aways. Items that are duplicated on recordable media (for example CDr or Cassette) will be held under closer scrutiny than items that are replicated on non-recordable media (for example vinyl records and 'pressed' CD's). Please include as much information as possible with the submission to establish the validity of borderline cases.

📌 [Discussion] Piano roll (April 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Would computer programs on cassette be eligible for the database? (June 2014)

Video

RSG §6.4.
Only video items that have audio as the main focus are allowed, where "audio" is either one or more complete studio recordings, one or more complete live performances. If the item still makes sense with the picture turned off, it will probably be acceptable.
Please ask in the Adding & Updating Forum if you are unsure whether to submit a video or not, especially for borderline cases.

📌 [Discussion] A discussion of video with audio as the main focus (April 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Should stand-alone iTunes music videos be added to the database? (March 2014)

MP3, ogg-vorbis, And Other File Based Formats

RSG §6.5.1.
Computer file based formats follow the same basic rules as for physical media. File-based releases are scrutinized similarly to CDrs and Cassettes, due to the ease of creation, duplication and distribution.
To provide verification of stand-alone file based releases, please provide (in the submission notes) a URL to the purchase or location, or some description of how you obtained the files. In other words, how can someone else get this release?

📌 [RSG §14.1.3.]
Even if it seems obvious, always try to explain your update fully using the submission notes. This will always be appreciated by other s, and is vital when we need to look back over the submission data's history.

RSG §6.5.2.
Bitrates should be entered as "kbps" (note all lower case). This info can go in the free text field.

📌 [Wikipedia] Bit rate

RSG §6.5.3.
Files on a data part of a CD should be added to the tracklisting provided they are not the same tracks as found on the release. If they are the same as the ones on the release this information should be added to the notes, for example, in cases where the CD has a DRM scheme and has versions that are only played on a computer.

RSG §6.5.4.
Bootleg, counterfeit, or pirated files are not eligible for submission to Discogs.

📌 [RSG §6.15.3.]
The following are approximate definitions only:

Bootleg: Unauthorized recordings of live performances/broadcasts.
Counterfeit: Recordings which are copied or distributed without authority, and which are packaged to resemble the original as closely as possible.
Pirate: Recordings which are copied or distributed without authority, and which are usually packaged differently to the original.

📌 [Discussion] bootleg mp3 from a blog, allowed in database? (September 2009)
📌 [Discussion] bootleg remixes on Soundcloud (November 2013)
📌 [Discussion] unofficial re-edits you can from the remixer website (September 2009)
📌 [Discussion] File-Releases: Only entire releases may be submitted (October 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Guide for Country Field when it's about digital releases (March 2012)
📌 [Discussion] File releases = no country, or what country the label is based in? (March 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Should stand-alone iTunes music videos be added to the database? (March 2014)
📌 [Discussion] How to enter the format on an MP3 CD-Rom? (February 2014)
📌 [Discussion] How to list single-file VBR MP3 releases (July 2014)
📌 [Discussion] MP3 CD: Missing? How do I add? (March 2014)

LP versus 12"

RSG §6.6.
Since, from a distance, a 12" record looks exactly like an LP, it can be somewhat hard to know if they should be entered as 12" or LP. 12" - This is simply the size of the record. We in fact have all sizes of records listed, from 12" down to 4". 12" generally have under 15 minutes of audio per side, and for a good loud cut, under 10 minutes. There weren't any 12" singles before 1976.

LP - This is short for 'Long Player', which was an invention to increase the playing time of records by making the grooves smaller and closer together. Most LP's are 12" in diameter, although they can be other sizes as well. Common usage has lead to this term being synonymous with 'album', and whilst most LP's are albums, the should be used distinctly on Discogs for accuracy. LP's can have up to 30 minutes of audio per side. By listing a record as an LP, we imply it has a 12" diameter and close together grooves. Other sizes can be added to the format description if they are needed, for example Vinyl, LP, 10".

Here are a couple of images to illustrate how these different formats look. These pictures were taken from the same distance from the records, and show the same area. The records were chosen to illustrate the difference, for other examples the difference may not be as extreme. The closeness and depth of the grooves is infinitely variable from these extremes, so if in doubt, try to refer to the release artwork, label website or literature etc. Sometimes the catalog number will be formatted a certain way for LP's or EP's / singles, check other releases in the database for clues.

📌 [Image] LP
📌 [Image] 12inch

CD versus CDr

RSG §6.7.
It is often hard to distinguish between a pressed CD and a burnt CDr, since many CDrs are professionally made. The basic properties of the two formats are:

CD - data has been pressed in a mold into the plastic. Professional printing on the info side. The color of the data side is silver/gray or golden.

CDr - Recordable CDr has been burnt in a computer drive. Info side is stickered or printed by an inkjet or even has professional printing. The color of the data side is most commonly light golden, silver, shades of green or blue.

CD Matrix

RSG §6.8.
The best way to distinguish between CD and CDr is the inner ring on the data side, called "CD matrix":

CD - usually contains a pressing number (which sometimes includes the catalog# of the release), a barcode and the name/logo of the CD manufacturer. Since 1994, most CDs have two so-called "SID codes", one in the CD matrix with the pattern "IFPI Lxxx", and another one etched in the transparent inner ring with the pattern "IFPI xxxx", which is mostly hard to read.

📌 [Image] CD matrix

CDr - no pressing number, no CD manufacturer, no barcode in the CD matrix. Contains a CDr type number (often containing the length "74" or "80"), which is mostly hard to read, and often a serial number printed on the transparent inner ring.

📌 [Image] CDr matrix

Audio-CDr - Commercial, consumer-audio CDRs (a.k.a. audio-CDRs) may include a barcode and etched numbers, but no IFPI codes. A serial number, however, is (seemingly without exception) always printed in a "dot-matrix"-like format on the inner ring.

📌 [Image] CDr audio matrix

Format Descriptions

RSG §6.9.
Some format tags are obvious at first glance (such as Mini, Shape or Picture Disc), while others require listening to the audio (such as Mixed, Partially Mixed and Mispress). Still other tags rely on how the release is labeled.

Album, Mini-Album, EP, Maxi-Single and Single

RSG §6.10.
Album, Mini-Album, EP, Maxi-Single and Single tags should only be used where it is factual. If there is no reference that the use of the tag is correct, the tag should not be used. References can include:

a) mentioned on the release,
b) declared by the label or artist,
c) charted in a relevant chart that corresponds to the tag,
d) generally regarded as such by independent sources (fan sites, music industry publications etc).

Do not guess at or attempt to apply personal standards to these tags. If you are going to do multiple edits regarding these tags, to follow guideline 14.1.2.:

📌 [RSG §14.1.2.]
If you want to do the same type of edit over many releases, post a message in the Database forum stating your intentions. This will ensure your updates are acceptable before you do them, and may help you get votes faster. Link to the discussion on each of your edits, so other voters can read what is discussed.

📌 [Discussion] 7" EP tag (June 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Album definition? (May 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Classical LPs and the "Album" tag (April 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Getting approval for mass edits (March 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Is a promo CD with one or a few tracks automatically a Single? (August 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Is it really necessary to prove the correct use of the "single" tag? (January 2014)
📌 [Staff] On Discogs, we have an infinite number of shelves, and can be pedantically factual about the information. (June 2013)

Limited Edition

RSG §6.11.
This tag should only be used when the release is specifically listed as such on the release, or by a reliable source. Just because something wasn't released in a great quantity doesn't make an item a "limited edition." Nor is something a "limited edition" simply because it is now out of print. If something is listed as a "Special Edition," this should be noted in the free text field.

📌 [Discussion] "Limited Edition" only upon the cat number bearing the letters "LTD"? (April 2012)
📌 [Discussion] Limited Edition: can only a part of the release be limited? (February 2010)
📌 [Discussion] Limited edition... can we get a final ruling on this? (June 2013)
📌 [Release] Limited Edition with additional 4 track extra CD
📌 [Release] Vinyl Limited Edition only declared by labels website
📌 [Note] Something that is only numbered should not be tagged automatically as 'Limited Edition'.

White Labels, Promos and Test Pressings

RSG §6.12.1.
Just because a release has a plain label does not mean that an item should be listed as Promo or Test Pressing. These tags should only be used in conjunction with 'White Label' if they are stated on the label or packaging. Also, these three descriptions can be used in conjunction with 'Unofficial Release' or 'Partially Unofficial' if the release was made without the consent of the artist or label.

RSG §6.12.2.
Promo - Any item labeled as being released for promotional purposes, including advance copies sent out to promote a retail release. This tag should only be used where it is clear the item was released as such, for example it is explicitly mentioned on the release, or by the label, artist, or other reliable source. Retail releases with stamped, stickered, or similarly altered covers and / or media are to be considered the same as retail, as should retail releases with cut spines, marked or cut barcodes, or other such defacement. Additionally, retail releases that include 'one-sheet' promotional press-release or type pages are not to be considered different than the retail version.

📌 [Discussion] Is a promo CD with one or a few tracks automatically a Single? (August 2014)
📌 [Discussion] promo question (March 2010)
📌 [Discussion] Why would an Unofficial release also be tagged as a Promo? (December 2013)
📌 [Note] "Not For Sale" by itself does not mean "Promo".

RSG §6.12.3.
Test Pressing - Typically a limited run of a record made to test the sound quality. Only list an item as Test Pressing if the release is clearly marked as such.

RSG §6.12.4.
White Label - Only if the center labels on a vinyl release is without proper print on both sides. Additional marks with a rubber stamp, small printed sticker, or handwritten on an otherwise blank (but not necessarily white) label would still generally be considered a White Label release. White label releases of the same record may be entered as separate releases if one version has been stamped while another has been labeled with a sticker.

Stereo

RSG §6.13.
The 'Stereo' tag shouldn't be used unless the item was released in stereo and mono formats, or is otherwise necessary to point out. For most CDs, Cassettes, and Vinyl releases since approximately 1970, it is unnecessary to state they are stereo.

📌 [Discussion] Guidelines Mono/Stereo on one release missing? (September 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Guideline update to Mono releases (May 2014)
📌 [Discussion] "Stereo" printed on a recent release (April 2014)

LP

RSG §6.14.
Do not add an LP as 'Vinyl, LP, 12", 33rpm', all that is needed is 'Vinyl, LP'. The LP tag used by itself, denotes a 12" (30 cm) 33 rpm long-playing record. Other non-standard sizes can be added if needed, for example; LP, 10". LP is often misused outside of Discogs to denote an album. At Discogs, we use these independently and precisely. Using the LP tag does not mark the release as an album. Album is a marketing term used to denote a collection of tracks, and should only be used where it is clear the item was released as such.

Unofficial Releases - Uncleared recordings, Bootlegs, Pirates, and Counterfeits

RSG §6.15.1.
Discogs catalogs all audio releases, no matter their legal standing. We use the 'Unofficial Release' and 'Partially Unofficial' descriptions to tag and separate the releases that don't adhere to usual copyright law/s.

RSG §6.15.2.
The usual Discogs catag rules apply to these items; They must be entered in a way that defines the item as a unique release. Please also refer to the label guidelines for naming conventions.

RSG §6.15.3.
The following are approximate definitions only:

Bootleg: Unauthorized recordings of live performances/broadcasts.
Counterfeit: Recordings which are copied or distributed without authority, and which are packaged to resemble the original as closely as possible.
Pirate: Recordings which are copied or distributed without authority, and which are usually packaged differently to the original.

📌 [RSG §6.5.4.]
Bootleg, counterfeit, or pirated files are not eligible for submission to Discogs.

📌 [Discogs] FAQ for Artists And Labels
📌 [Discussion] bootleg mp3 from a blog, allowed in database? (September 2009)
📌 [Discussion] bootleg remixes on Soundcloud (November 2013)
📌 [Discussion] unofficial re-edits you can from the remixer website (September 2009)
📌 [Discussion] Once again, Unofficial Releases and MR (June 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Can an unofficial release be labeled as a reissue? (March 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Unofficial release can be tagged reissue or not? (March 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Unofficial releases marked reissue. Right or Wrong? (May 2013)
📌 [Discussion] What makes an unofficial release on the Discogs? (July 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Why would an Unofficial release also be tagged as a Promo? (December 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Neil Young - Cow Palace (triple Vinyl Edt.) official or not? (September 2013)

Compilation

RSG §6.16.1.
Unlike other Discogs tags such as 'Album' and 'Single', 'Compilation' does not need to appear on the release or be cited from a trustworthy source. The compilation tag can be used in conjunction with any other available tag, for example, 'Compilation, Album'. The guidelines remain the same for each individual tag.

RSG §6.16.2.
Use the 'Compilation' tag in the same way as other discographies, collectors, shops, and the general public use it; to indicate a 'Greatest Hits', 'Best Of', or otherwise themed gathering of tracks, usually taken from a variety of previously issued sources.

RSG §6.16.3.
The tag can be used when a release takes previously available tracks from different sources, and repackages them.

RSG §6.16.4.
The tag can be used when the release is two or more previously available releases packaged together.

RSG §6.16.5.
Official discographies and other respected sources can be useful when deciding when to use this tag.

RSG §6.16.6.
When Not To Use The 'Compilation' Tag:

◾ Releases reissued with bonus or extra tracks should not be tagged as a compilation. For example, text like 'This release was compiled by ...' or 'This compilation ...' is sometimes found on releases that contain bonus tracks. Do not use the 'compilation' tag on releases that carry such text, unless they fulfill the requirements set out above.
◾ 'Sampler', 'mixed', or 'split' releases should not be tagged as a compilation unless that term is used in a non-technical way on the release, or by trustworthy sources.
◾ Releases containing previously unreleased tracks (or mostly previously unreleased tracks) that are not called compilations by an official source.
◾ 7" releases combining previously released singles as "double-hit" type releases.
◾ If there is doubt or disagreement, please do not use the tag, and please ask in the Adding & Updating forum for advice.

RSG §6.16.7.
Examples of the use of this tag:

◾ Valid compilations:
- Lemonheads - Create Your Friends - A compilation of two albums, 'Hate Your Friends' and 'Creator'.
- Massive Attack - Collected - A 'Best Of' type compilation

◾ Releases that are not considered compilations:
- Blondie - Autoamerican - Release states "This compilation ℗© 2001 Chrysalis Records, Inc", used in the technical sense, the release is the original album plus some bonus tracks.
- The Who - The Who Sell Out - this release contains the text 'This compilation (P) & (C) 1995 Polydor Ltd. (UK)', this is also used in the technical sense. It is perfectly acceptable to copy the 'This Compilation...' text to the release notes.

📌 [Discussion] Tracks previously released on pianola player rolls = compilation? (May 2014)

Reissue And Repress

RSG §6.17.1.
The 'Reissue' tag can be used when used on the release itself, or the release is referred to as a reissue by the artist, label, or other official sources. It can also be used where the content of the release is not the first issue of the work. This is generally independent of the format - a CD can be a reissue of an LP. It can also be independent of country, but take into that a work may have it's initial releases at different times in different countries, so in general don't use the tag if there is only a short time period (roughly less than 18 months) between the issues.
Often, it can be instinctive that a release is a reissue (for example, when holding an LP from the 1960s, but the jacket and vinyl feel new). It is ok to use the tag here, but please be clear in the submission notes and / or release notes why the tag has been used - that people need to be able to distinguish a release they hold just by looking at it, using the notes to describe the release is important and helpful.

Reissue should not be used where the work does not appear in it's original form, for example, singles that combine two hits together, or CD's that combine two albums, unless the release itself uses that term.

📌 [Discussion] Can an unofficial release be labeled as a reissue? (March 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Can file-based releases be tagged as Reissues? (June 2015)
📌 [Discussion] Unofficial release can be tagged reissue or not? (March 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Unofficial releases marked reissue. Right or Wrong? (May 2013)
📌 [Discussion] is submitting digital releases as reissues. (September 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Does RE in a matrix / runout automatically mean reissue? (September 2014)

RSG §6.17.2.
The 'Repress' tag can be used when used on the release itself, or the release is referred to as a repress by the artist, label, or other official sources. You can also use the tag when you can state a good reason for doing so in the release and / or submission notes. A repress must originate from the original master disc, and the term is only applied to formats that are stamped or pressed out, such as vinyl and CD.
The 'Reissue' tag can be used in other circumstances, see the guideline for the correct usage of that tag. 'Reissue' and 'Repress' can be used together.

📌 [RSG §11.1.1.]
Release notes is a free text field. It is used to add any factual, objective notes about the release, or to list information that cannot be entered into other dedicated fields.

📌 [RSG §14.1.3.]
Even if it seems obvious, always try to explain your update fully using the submission notes. This will always be appreciated by other s, and is vital when we need to look back over the submission data's history.

Related Topics:

◾ Guidelines - General Rules
◾ Database Glossary
◾ Contributing to Discogs
◾ [Discogs] Formats List
◾ [Discogs] Finding The Information On A Release
◾ [Discogs] FAQ for Artists And Labels
◾ [Discogs] Discogs Wiki Packaging

Database Guidelines 7. Country

◾ 7.1. Release Country
◾ 7.2. Rights Societies

Release Country

RSG §7.1.1.
"Country" refers to the country of origin (the market) of the release. Discovering the country can be very easy, or quite obscure. For small labels, they will usually be based in, and release in, the same country. Larger labels or labels with licensing deals overseas are harder, but the country should always be the place the release was sold and distributed in. For Imports, the country they are imported from is the country of release.

RSG §7.1.2.
The country is NOT where the release was manufactured. A US label can release licensed recordings in & Netherlands (perhaps manufactured in Austria). If the release is on more than one label, please list the country of the first label you listed in the Label section. Please use the notes field for all information that cannot be handled by the current form, or for any other questions regarding the country field.

RSG §7.1.3.
Smaller label releases should have matching country designations on all releases, or an explanation why not.

📌 [Discussion] Guide for Country Field when it's about digital releases (March 2012)
📌 [Discussion] File releases = no country, or what country the label is based in? (March 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Country of the internet release. (March 2014)

Rights Societies

RSG §7.2.1.
If you are having trouble determining the country in which a release was marketed, the following list of initials for the organizations of composers, songwriters, publishers, and other s of copyright, mechanical rights, performance rights, etc. can be of some help. Please note that this information is not definitive; e.g. the initials "BMI" appearing on a release are an indicator that the release is somewhat more likely than not to originate in the USA.
However it is still possible that the item was manufactured for release in some other market, or that BMI is istering royalty collection and payment on behalf of d organizations in other countries, etc., so at best, the info is only a clue, a piece in the puzzle - not the final word.

◾ ACAM = Costa Rica
◾ ACDAM = Cuba
◾ ACUM = Israel
◾ AEPI = Greece
◾ AGADU = Uruguay
◾ AKKA/LAA = Latvia
◾ AKM = Austria
◾ ALBAUTOR = Albania
◾ AMCOS = Australia, New Zealand
◾ APA = Paraguay
◾ APDASPAC = Peru
◾ APDAYC = Peru
◾ APRA = Australia 📌 [website]
◾ ARTISJUS = Hungary
◾ ASCAP = USA 📌 [website - ASCAP search]
◾ ASAMI = South Africa (old)
◾ AUSTROMECHANA = Austria
◾ BIEM = An organization which has had different roles over the years, but for Discogs use they are essentially a rights society. 📌 [release - website]
◾ BMI = USA 📌 [website - BMI search]
◾ BUMA = Netherlands 📌 [website]
◾ CAPAC = Canada (Composers, Authors and Publishers Association of Canada) (defunct) (see wikipedia)
◾ CASH = Hong Kong
◾ CEDAR = Netherlands
◾ CISAC = international
◾ CMRRA = Canada
◾ COTT = Trinidad, Tobago
◾ EAU = Estonia
◾ FCA = Fiji
◾ FILSCAP = Philippines
◾ GEMA = 📌 [release - website - GEMA search]
◾ GESAC = Europe
◾ GESAP = Georgia
◾ GRAMO = Norway
◾ GVL =
◾ HDS = Croatia
◾ HFA = USA
◾ IMRO = Ireland 📌 [website]
◾ IPRS = India
◾ JASRAC = Japan
◾ KCI = Indonesia
◾ KODA = Denmark
◾ KOMCA = South Korea
◾ LATGA-A = Lithuania
◾ MA = Malaysia
◾ MS = UK
◾ MCSC = China
◾ MCSK = Kenya
◾ MESAM = Turkey
◾ MUSICAUTOR = Bulgaria
◾ MUST = Taiwan
◾ NCB = Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Lithuania, Estonia - also written as "n©b"
◾ OSA = Czech Republic (former Czechoslovakia)
◾ PAMRA = UK
◾ PPL = UK
◾ PROCAN = Canada (Performing Rights Organization of Canada Limited) (defunct) (see laws.justice.gc.ca)
◾ PRS = UK
◾ RAO = Russian Federation
◾ RISA = South Africa (new)
◾ SABAM = Belgium
◾ SACEM =
◾ SACEM Luxembourg = Luxembourg
◾ SACM = Mexico
◾ SACVEN = Venezuela
◾ SADAIC = Argentina
◾ SAMI = Sweden
◾ SAMRO = South Africa
◾ SAYCO = Colombia
◾ SAZAS = Slovenia
◾ SBACEM = Brazil
◾ SCD = Chile
◾ SDRM =
◾ SENA = Netherlands
◾ SESAC = USA
◾ SGA = Guinea-Bissau
◾ SGAE = Spain 📌 [release - website]
◾ SIAE = Italy, The Vatican, San Marino 📌 [release - website - SIAE search]
◾ SOCAN = Canada
◾ SODRAC = Canada
◾ SOKOJ = Serbia, Montenegro (former Yugoslavia)
◾ SOZA = Slovakia (former Czechoslovakia)
◾ SPA = Portugal 📌 [website]
◾ STEF = Iceland 📌 [website]
◾ STEMRA = Netherlands 📌 [website]
◾ STIM = Sweden 📌 [website]
◾ SUISA = Switzerland, Liechtenstein 📌 [website]
◾ TEOSTO = Finland 📌 [website]
◾ TONO = Norway 📌 [website]
◾ UACRR = Ukraine
◾ UBC = Brazil
◾ UCMR-ADA = Romania
◾ ZAIKS = Poland

📌 [RSG §5.6.]
Rights Society is an association that isters the rights to the artists recorded work, such as collecting royalties for radio and TV usage etc. [...] An example is "ASCAP".

📌 [Discussion] "AADI-CAPIF" - Are these rights societies? (July 2014)
📌 [Discussion] add. track positions for rights society (June 2013)
📌 [Discussion] How To Enter Rights Societies Correctly? (May 2014)
📌 [Discussion] MS / BIEM - one BAOI field or separat BAOI fields? (November 2011)
📌 [Discussion] NCB or n©b? (September 2014)
📌 [Discussion] SACEM info here on Discogs wrong (September 2014)
📌 [Discussion] What means + ML + ? (February 2014)
📌 [Discussion] rights societies / record companies / central licensing agreements (August 2014)
📌 [Image] ML on release
📌 [Release] track positions for rights society in BAOI
📌 [Website] Lizenzierungsgrundlagen der GEMA
📌 [Website] Discogs Wiki Country Codes

Related Topics:

◾ [Guidelines - General Rules]
◾ [Discogs] Finding The Information On A Release
◾ [List] Rights Societies incorrectly used as Labels

Database Guidelines 8. Release Date

RSG §8.1.1.
"Released" refers to the exact or approximate date of release. The release date can be listed as the year, month and year, or the specific day of release, or left empty. For an exact date enter in the format "YYYY-MM-DD" (02-Sept 1997 would be 1997-09-02). For an approximate release date you may enter only the year (in four-digit format, YYYY) or year and month with "00" for the day (YYYY-MM-00). Approximate release dates or conflicting information can be placed in the release notes.

📌 [RSG §1.1.2.]
Sources of information external to the release itself may be added, but the physical 📌 [or digital] release must always be the main source. External sources of the information (for example websites, word of mouth, books etc) must be declared in the submission notes, explained in the release notes, and be verifiable as far as possible. Unsubstantiated information may be removed or rejected. [...]

📌 [Discussion] is a webshop a reliable source for a exact release date? (March 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Is ebay a reliable / trustworthy source for exact release dates? (August 2014)

RSG §8.1.2.
Usually, the latest copyright date that appears on the release is the one to use. If there is any doubt, consult other sources, and use common sense. Re-releases of older material sometimes do not have updated copyright dates on the packaging, but you should do your best to find the actual date of that release, not of the original recording. Be especially suspicious of CDs with copyright dates prior to 1984. Using the date of the original release is incorrect, but it is beneficial to add "Originally released in XXXX" to the Release Notes.

📌 [RSG §11.1.1.]
Release notes is a free text field. It is used to add any factual, objective notes about the release, or to list information that cannot be entered into other dedicated fields.

RSG §8.1.3.
There are usually two copyright dates on a release. One is for the release itself, including the media and packaging and any visual artwork that appears on it, and this date is usually updated with each release. The other is for the sound recording that is being reproduced, and usually does not change. The sound recording copyright is designated by the circle-P (sound recording copyright / phonorecord / published) symbol, and the release copyright by the circle-C (copyright) symbol or the word "copyright".

RSG §8.1.4.
Items can be submitted before the official street release date, but you must always have the physical copy in your possession when submitting.

📌 [RSG §5.3]
SID codes (Source Identification Codes) were introduced in 1994 by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) in order to help combat piracy. [...] A release with SID codes cannot have been made before 1994. If the date cannot be established with a citation or an adequate explanation, the date should be left blank.

📌 [RSG §6.6.]
[...] There weren't any 12" singles before 1976.

📌 [Discussion] Guideline update request - digital release dates (February 2014)
📌 [Discussion] When did URLs first appear in matrices? (July 2014)
📌 [Note] If you want to submit a digital release you must have the digital release "in front of you" (for example by ing it).
📌 [Note] Only enter or change information that you can cite a trustworthy source for (stick to provable facts!)
📌 [Release] oldest known record of the world

Related Topics:

◾ [Guidelines - General Rules]
◾ [Contributing to Discogs]
◾ [Discogs] Finding The Information On A Release
◾ [Discussion] Japanese release dates - how to interpret? (January 2006)

Database Guidelines 9. Genres / Styles

Note:
Community discussion of style requests should take place in the official Style Requests forum thread.

◾ 9.1. Genres And Styles
◾ 9.2. Discogs Genres

📌 [Discussion] Classical genre on orchestral soundtracks (August 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Style Possibly Needed: Christmas (April 2014)

Genres And Styles

RSG §9.1.1.
Discogs divides music first by genre. We use the word genre for a hierarchal grouping, for example 'Electronic' or 'Rock'. These genres are then further broken down by style. Style is basically the same as a sub-genre, so 'Drum And Bass' is a style of 'Electronic', for example. A list of the current styles, with some descriptions, is available on the unofficial wiki.
At present, Discogs aims to limit the number of styles it accepts for the style field. This is because excess styles, or sub-sub-genres, cause the drop down list on the submission form to become unmanageable, and more confusing to use.

RSG §9.1.2.
Genres can be combined, for example, Electronic and Rock to make Electronic Rock.

Discogs Genres

◾ Blues
◾ Brass & Military
◾ Children's
◾ Classical
◾ Electronic
◾ Folk, World, & Country
◾ Funk / Soul
◾ Hip-Hop
◾ Jazz
◾ Latin
◾ Non-Music
◾ Pop
◾ Reggae
◾ Rock
◾ Stage & Screen

Related Topics:

◾ [Guidelines - General Rules]
◾ [Contributing to Discogs]
◾ [Website] Ishkur's Guide to Electronic Music
◾ [Website] Discogs Wiki Style Guide-Related Styles Lists
◾ [Wikipedia] Music genre
◾ [Wikipedia] List of music styles

Database Guidelines 10. Credits

Note:
Community discussion of potential new credit roles should take place in the official New Credit Roles forum thread.

◾ 10.1. Credit Fields
◾ 10.2. General Credit Rules
◾ 10.3. Adding Unlisted Credits 📌 [Roles, wich are not on the Credits List]
◾ 10.4. Written By vs. Written-By
◾ 10.5. Existing Indexed Roles
◾ 10.6. Non-Indexed, Non-Linked Credits
◾ 10.7. Credits From External Sources
◾ 10.8. "Thank You" Type Credits
◾ 10.9. Cover Versions
◾ 10.10. Samples

Credit Fields

RSG §10.1.1.
There are two places you can enter detailed credits on the submission. The Main Credit section:

📌 [Image] Main credits fields

And the ExtraArtists section on each track:

📌 [Image] Extra artist section

RSG §10.1.2.
Both the Main Credits section and the ExtraArtist section contain the same information, just displayed in a different way. The same rules apply to both.

RSG §10.1.3.
Role: The role should be selected from one of the standard credit roles, and should be chosen to match the credit on the release as closely as possible. If multiple credits are chosen to be entered, they must be separated by a comma and space, for example: Written-By, Vocals, Guitar, Keyboards.

📌 [RSG §1.2.1.]
The standard Discogs rule for [...] credits [...] is the First Letter Of Each Word Is Capitalized. [...]

📌 [Discussion] correct credit for "Riddim" (March 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Design [Design By], Illustration [Illustration By] - okay or wrong? (August 2014)
📌 [Discussion] How to enter credits for Guest Musicians (April 2014)
📌 [Discussion] Rap/Vocals [Featuring] vs. Featuring - the same old issue (July 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Recording Engineer -> Recorded By [...] ? (July 2013)

RSG §10.1.4.
Name: Only one name per field, apart from non-linked credits, where multiple names and non-standard punctuation are allowable (Written By, Artwork By, Other, Executive Producer).

RSG §10.1.5.
Tracks: This field only appears in the main credits section. The Tracks field should not be used if the artist appears on all tracks. Leaving this field blank means the artist either is credited for all tracks, or it is unclear which specific tracks the artist is credited for. This field must use the same format as the track listing. Multiple tracks must be separated by a comma followed by a space. Groups of tracks are ed by the word 'to' with a space either side. Here are some examples:

◾ Two or more tracks: A1, A3, B3, B4
◾ Several adjacent tracks: A2 to A6
◾ Mixed: A1, A3 to A5, A7 to B4, B8

📌 [RSG §12.2.1.]
[...] If there is position numbering in the main credit section, it must be identical to the position numbering in the tracklisting.

RSG §10.1.6.
You can enter the credits in whichever section is easiest and clearest to you. Generally, release wide credits (that is, credits that apply to all tracks) should go in the main credits section, but they can go in the extra artist section if, for example, they are writing credits and splitting them up would be confusing.

RSG §10.1.7.
Please don't edit releases to move about credits between sections because of personal preferences, as this can lead to errors being introduced.

RSG §10.1.8.
Please do not leave empty Credit fields behind. Only add as many as you need.

RSG §10.1.9.
The credit guidelines are the same for all genres.

General Credit Rules

RSG §10.2.1.
Credits for all roles in the Discogs Credit List go in the Main Credit section or the ExtraArtist credit section underneath each individual track. Avoid splitting credits of identical roles for the same track(s). Extra information, such as studio locations, can go in the notes. Most credits are optional (you can see the required ones here).

📌 [Discussion] The true meaning of RSG §10.2.1. (April 2014)

RSG §10.2.2.
Credit roles are taken from the credit list whenever possible. This list will probably never be fully complete, but at the moment covers most instruments and roles. Spelling should be adjusted to match the list. For example, use Vocals, not Vocal.

RSG §10.2.3.
Box brackets [ ] should be used to give more detail to existing instrument families, for example: Bagpipes [Highland], Electric Piano [Rhodes]. Any reasonable description of the instrument or credit role is allowed in the box brackets.
[Credited To] was sometimes used in the past, but is forbidden now, and can be removed if other updates are happening on the release.

📌 [RSG §1.2.1.]
The standard Discogs rule for [...] credits [...] is the First Letter Of Each Word Is Capitalized. [...]

RSG §10.2.4.
In cases where there are duplicate credits for aliases of an artist, enter all the aliases. For example, for a track named "Artist & Artist's 'The Group' Remix", enter remix credits for both Artist & Artist and The Group.

RSG §10.2.5.
Mastering credits etched into the run out groove can be entered as normal credits.

RSG §10.2.6.
Please see the General Guidelines for the current list of required credits for a new submission.

RSG §10.2.7.
Companies, businesses etc can be credited if they are directly given a credit on the release, for example; 'Design - Central Station Design'.

RSG §10.2.7.1.
Where the credit gives the company or business as a location, for example, 'Remastered at Abbey Road Studios', this is not appropriate for the Discogs credit system, but can be entered into the Label / Company section. Combined information such as 'Design by Joe at Virginart' (possibly abbreviated in some way, such as; 'Design - Joe@Virginart') should be separated - 'Joe' gets the design credits, and 'Virginart' goes in the Label / Company section. Usually, the use of the word 'at' (in any language), or the use of a symbol intended to mean 'at', implies it is not suitable for a Discogs credit, but can usually be entered into the Label / Company section.

RSG §10.2.7.2.
The credits listed on some releases ('Produced By' for example) can have two distinct meanings (the musical production of the recording, and the physical manufacturing of the product in this case). In the first instance, a credit is appropriate, in the second, it is not. Please ask in the Database forum if you need help to decide between them.

📌 [Discussion] Is it ok to have human credits in the release notes, when ... (2013)
📌 [List] Mechanical devices, instruments, computer programs, toys, etc, credited as artists.

Adding Unlisted Credits 📌 [Roles, wich are not on the Credits List]

RSG §10.3.
Roles or instruments that are not in the Credits List and don't belong to subcategories of existing listed roles should be entered using the common name (in English if possible) of the main family of the instrument, or the common name of the role, using the brackets to describe more detail if necessary (see below).
If in doubt, lists and descriptions can be found on the Internet in such places as Wikipedia or by doing a Google search.

When entering a role that isn't in the list, please use the submission notes to explain, and list the new credit in the Database forum thread. If possible, please include a short description of the role, and link/s to any ing information on other websites.

📌 [RSG §14.1.3.]
Even if it seems obvious, always try to explain your update fully using the submission notes. This will always be appreciated by other s, and is vital when we need to look back over the submission data's history.

📌 [Discussion] New Credit Roles - list and discuss them here (February 2008)

Written By vs. Written-By

RSG §10.4.1.
Written-By - This version of the Written By credit is linked. It is used in the same way as all other linked credits. Note the dash between the words: '-'; it is vital that the credit is entered in exactly this way.

RSG §10.4.2.
Written By - This is a special unlinked role that can be used under two circumstances at the submitter's discretion:

1. To add unlinked writer credit(s) where the full name is not known or unclear.
2. In addition to the linked credit(s), in order to replicate the complete writer credit as it is formatted on the release. This allows the exact usage of formatting characters and artist name ordering to be captured, for example; B.Writer/A.Writer/C.Writer

RSG §10.4.3.
The unlinked credit should not be used when the linked version displays identically to the unlinked version on the submission form. The Artist Name Variation (ANV) function should also be considered when deciding which credit should be used.

📌 [RSG §2.5.5.]
Do not use the ANV field on unlinked credits.

📌 [Discussion] Adding (#) to a new artist when credit is unlinked (January 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Unlinked credit role - Artist (2) (May 2013)

Existing Indexed Roles

RSG §10.5.
An indexed role will be listed on its own section of the artist's page. For example: The "Remix" role will be listed under the "Remixes:" section of the artist page. The "Producer" role will be listed under the "Production:" section of the artist page.
Any role that is not indexed will default to the "Appears On" sections of the artist page (for the time being).

Non-indexed, Non-linked Credits

RSG §10.6.
Discogs has some non-indexed credits. These credits are not listed on any artist pages. If the name isn't in the database, no new artist is created. These cover all credits that we don't want to create a link and don't want to index, for roles credited on the release that are not musical or technical; for example, catering personnel, managers, drivers etc. All credits for human roles must go in the credit section rather than the Notes. The non-indexed, non-linked credits are:

◾ Artwork By
◾ Executive Producer
◾ Photography
◾ Written By
◾ Other - Use the box brackets to define the role, for example "Other [Catering]". Never to be used for musical roles.

📌 [RSG §2.5.5.]
Do not use the ANV field on unlinked credits.

📌 [Discussion] Adding (#) to a new artist when credit is unlinked (January 2013)
📌 [Discussion] Unlinked credit role - Artist (2) (May 2013)

Credits From External Sources

RSG §10.7.1.
Credits that do not appear on the release can be added only under certain circumstances. The (credible) credit source must be stated in the submission notes, and the credit must be labeled with [Uncredited] in brackets after the credit role.
If other text is used in the credit brackets, the 'Uncredited' must have a comma separating it from the other text.

📌 [RSG §1.1.2.]
[...] External sources of the information (for example websites, word of mouth, books etc) must be declared in the submission notes, explained in the release notes, and be verifiable as far as possible. [...]

📌 [Discussion] Can you take credits from the lyrics? (May 2014)
📌 [Discussion] is it allowed to add credits without official source? (September 2014)
📌 [Discussion] "More credits on website" => [Uncredited]? (July 2013)
📌 [Note] You can also use "Uncredited" and ANV if needed.

RSG §10.7.2.
Credits should not be transferred between releases.

RSG §10.7.3.
The 'copy to draft' function duplicates the release information including the credits, so a different version of the release can be entered. Please ensure that the credits you copy across this way are correct and valid. All credits that are not written on that version of the release should be removed.

📌 [RSG §1.5.5.]
Do not keep credits that are not present on the version of the release you are submitting.

📌 [Discussion] s ignoring the 10.7.2. and 10.7.3 guidelines, post 'em here (March 2013)

'Thank You' Type Credits

RSG §10.8.
'Thank you' type lists should only be added to the credits if it is clear the person/s or group/s had direct involvement with the creation of the recording. General thanks, shout outs, hello's etc should not be added to the credit section, and can be added to the notes if required.

📌 [Release] Other [Grazie]

Cover Versions

RSG §10.9.
There are no Discogs credits specifically to credit the original artists for cover versions. If the original composer/writer is credited on a release containing a cover version, you can use the relevant credit as appropriate, and the version will be linked from the composer/writers page. Cover versions can also be mentioned in the Release Notes.

📌 [RSG §11.1.1.]
Release notes is a free text field. It is used to add any factual, objective notes about the release, or to list information that cannot be entered into other dedicated fields.

📌 [Discussion] Release notes: Cover versions (July 2013)
📌 [Release] cover versions in release notes

Samples

RSG §10.10.
If artists are sampled and receive a credit on the release, they can be credited as usual for their musical role. General sample information (for example, "Drums are sampled from the Led Zeppelin track 'When The Levee Breaks'") can be placed in the notes section.

📌 [RSG §11.1.1.]
Release notes is a free text field. It is used to add any factual, objective notes about the release, or to list information that cannot be entered into other dedicated fields.

Related Topics:

◾ Guidelines - General Rules
◾ Database Glossary
◾ Contributing to Discogs
◾ Official New Credit Roles Forum Thread
◾ [Discogs] Credits List
◾ [List] Mechanical devices, instruments, computer programs, toys, etc, credited as artists.

Credits List [http://discogs.versitio.com/help/creditslist]

Discussion of credit roles should take place in the official New Credit Roles Forum thread.

Heading / Subheading

◾ Non-Linked Credits
◾ Writing & Arrangement
◾ Featuring & Presenting
◾ Conducting & Leading
◾ Production
◾ Remix
◾ DJ Mix
◾ Visual
◾ Acting, Literary & Spoken
◾ Management
◾ Technical
◾ Vocal

Instruments

◾ Drums and percussion
◾ Tuned Percussion
◾ Keyboard
◾ Stringed instruments
◾ Wind instruments
◾ Technical Musical
◾ Other muscial